Joseph Rumshinsky
Joseph Rumshinsky was born on 15 January 1881 [deceased
on 6 February 1956] in Vilna [Vilnius], Lithuania. His father,
Moyshe, was a fur hat maker. His uncle was a well-known preacher,
Khayim Rumshisker. His mother, Tslove, was knowledgeable
in the songs of Elyokem Tsunzer.
On the basis of a conversation with
Rumshinsky, Zalmen Zylbercweig portrays his home this
way:
"The work harmonized with
singing. Shears and needles moved to the beat of a
melody, and the melody was not always cheerful, merry.
Often he expressed sorrow and concern for his
livelihood, but a melody has always been heard. His
father, R' Moshe, worked with his five to six companions
and accompanied his labor-oriented movements with
melodies. A cheerful, poor gentleman, R' Moshe
always used to speak in a musical tone, in terms of a
recitative. When the scissors used to be lost, if he was
looking for the thimble, if he had to hand over a piece
of clothing, he did not just say it out loud, but he
sang it out."
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In the story of his life, "Klangen
fun may lebn (Sounds From My Life)," Rumshinsky
writes of his musical
origins:
“As life would follow
its accustomed path, he [his father] would sing bits and
excerpts [?] of the ‘Pirkei,’ [Ethics of the Fathers in
the Talmud] that he knew by heart. He would begin in
Hebrew and then interpret it in Yiddish, and he would
improvise the music for that in his own original style
in his resounding, high-tenor little voice. Were
conditions oppressive, such as a lack of income, or,
heavens preserve us, illnesses, my father would sing
chapters of the Psalms, actually singing them, not
reciting. And again as before, he would begin in Hebrew
and then interpret in
mameloshn
[mother tongue, Yiddish] in his own improvisation. And
there would be almost a deathly stillness in the house.
In the harmonies of the worker-apprentices, one’s heart
would melt in sweetness and loneliness … And when my
father would again have a good day at the market with
the peasants to whom he sold his caps … then my father
would be the soloist, [or] as it’s called in Russian,
the zapyevale,
that is, he begins and everyone follows. The happy
little tunes would consist of semi-Russian, semi-Polish,
mixed with Yiddish and Hebrew, and the labor would
follow the rhythm and the feeling of the music. … And
just as my father, my mother would express all of her
feelings by singing. …My father would sing for the
workers at home, at his workshop, or sometimes ascend to
the pulpit to intone an evening or a morning prayer and
actually a minor Sabbath, as well …But my mother was
quite a teacher of song, actually almost a professor,
but not, may we be spared, for money. …But young wives,
maidens, elder Jewesses would come to Tslove to have her
sing with them and actually teach them the songs that
would be heard at weddings, sung by the
badkhonim
[wandering minstrels].
I must attest that for
all of the musical education that I received, and the
entire musical literature that I later came to know well
and to study, I must thank my parents for my
compositional career because my hearty successes, all the
melodies that embraced almost all Yiddish-speaking
people, come through the influence of my father and
mother.” |
After learning in a cheder, R. came in contact with a
professional singer, who soon brought him to Cantor Kahan. Here
he also received his first lesson in music with Kahan's
conductor, Isaak.
Already in 1889 he received the name, "Little Joseph, the
Note-Devourer" and began his piano studies in Treskin's Music
School in Vilna, then as an old-singer and quasi-conductor for
Cantor [Abraham Moshe] Bernstein. Taken to Russia by the famous
Cantor Rozumni, he toured from 1890 until 1894 with various
cantors, and from time to time he also studied music and studied
with various teachers. In Grodno he was first introduced to the
Yiddish theatre, and he joined in the chorus of Kaminski's
guest-starring troupe. Losing the "knob-voice," in 1896
he became a conductor for Cantor Rabinovich in Dvinsk, and in
Vilna published his first composition: "Mizrakh-klangen"
(Eastern Sounds), a waltz for piano, which soon thereafter was
played by the municipal orchestra in the Vilna city garden.
In 1897 he was choirmaster in the Borisov Russian Opera and
Operetta Troupe, but also he had the opportunity to study and
produced "Bar Kokhba" and "The Sacrifice of Isaac" with
Kaminski's troupe. He then toured with another Russian troupe to
Elizabetgrad, where he was the choir conductor for his first
cantor, Kahan, during the High Holy Days. Here he again became
attracted to Kaminski's guest-starring Yiddish troupe and
traveled with them as a conductor to Lodz, Poland. For a certain
time Rumshinsky also conducted in Fiszon's troupe in Grodno. He
went back to Lodz, where he helped found the then unique Jewish
music society, "HaZamir," where he conducted until 1902, and he
studied with them a series of Yiddish folk songs and oratorios
by Hayden, Handel and Mendelssohn, as well as his own smaller
compositions, and later there was also a number of popular
singers. At the same time Rumshinsky studied music with the
Polish musician Henryk Meltzer and took a course as a conductor
in the Warsaw Conservatory.
Due to military conscription in 1903 he went away to London, England, where he studied music with Professor Proud and often
attended concerts and operatic productions. here he was
introduced to New Yorker Charles Tsunzer, a son of Elyokem
Tsunzer, and under his supervision traveled with him in July
1904 to America, with the thought of dedicating himself to the
Yiddish theatre. Not knowing, due to union conditions, how to
approach the theatre, he became a piano teacher, composing a sad
march about the Kishinev pogrom and some twenty or more larger
and smaller compositions for piano, which were published in
Goldberg's music publishing house in New York.
In 1905-6 he became the conductor for Jacob Silbert in
the Hop Theatre in Boston, where he composed six musical
numbers to Nakhum Rakow's play, "Der yidisher kean (The Yiddish
Kean)" entitled "Amerikaner glikn," or, "American Happiness.")
At that time he married the actress Sabina Lakser. (Their son is
the composer and pianist, Murray Rumshinsky.)
In 1906-7 he returned to New York, where he continued not
to come to the theatre. He took music lessons and composed music
for piano, most of the time for piano studies, which then was
strong and in style.
In 1907-8 he finally became conductor in Brooklyn's
Lyric Theatre, where he wrote music for small plays.
In 1908-9 Rumshinsky conducted at the Windsor Theatre
(Jacob P. Adler and Leopold Spachner, managers), where he wrote
eighteen musical numbers for Reuben Weissman's historical
operetta, "Zaraya," twenty numbers to B. Wilensky's operetta,
"Nathan the Wise" (appeared on 1 January 1909), from which the
compositions of the song, "Weyiten l'cho (And It Shall Be Given
Unto You)," became exceptionally popular (later published
anonymously as a folk song), five numbers to Nathan Birnbaum's
play, "Far di elterns zind (For the Parents' Sin)" (19 February
1909), twenty numbers for Bernard Wilensky's adaptation of
Shomer's operetta, "A yidish kind (A Jewish Child)" (from which
the composition, "Mir veln, mir veln tantsn (We Will, We Will
Dance)," and later included two folk melodies, and the
music to
Gordin's "Elisha ben abuyah." Due to this, the musicians' union
did not permit Adler from hiring Rumshinsky as conductor and
composer, and Adler then went over to the Grand Theatre, where
he could play.
About this, Sholem Perlmutter
writes:
" ...When Rumshinsky arrived in America (in
1904), he was regarded in the [Jewish] musical world
as an ‘alien’ seeking to join ‘us’ by force. The
former Musicians’ Club which, at the time, ruled
over the Yiddish theatre with an iron fist, accepted
Rumshinsky as an uninvited guest, a step-child, and
placed every difficulty before him in his path, not
allowing him to move. The only person who took him
seriously was Jacob P. Adler, who felt instinctively
that Rumshinsky contains in himself something
original of which the Yiddish theatre was so
desperately in need. Thanks to Jacob P. Adler, who
conducted a major battle for his recognition,
Rumshinsky received the opportunity to demonstrate
his musical knowledge and abilities that later
enriched and beautified the Yiddish stage, creating
a new form for the Yiddish operetta.” |
From 1909-1910 he toured with Adler as conductor
across the American province. He also played for several
weeks in Philadelphia's Standard Theatre, and on
Sundays in the New York Academy of Music. Here he composed
five numbers for Libin's drama, "Got's Shtrof (God's
Punishment)," for which to (also with Rumshinsky's lyrics)
-- "Gute nakht, shlof mayn kind (Good Night, Sleep My
Child)" (sung by Sara Adler), and "Bay di tnoyim aza
simkha, aza gedula," became very popular, and the last
song after a time often was played at family simkhas
(joyous events) and marriages, and was regarded as a
folks-motif.
From 1910-12 he was a composer and conductor in
Adler's Thalia Theatre, where he wrote in the first
season, twenty numbers for Dr. Schnitzer's operetta, "Neyrtomed
(Eternal Light)," the music to Anshel Schorr's play, "Vayber
(Wives)," Z. Libin's play, "Der yom-hadin (The Day of
Judgment)," Jacob Gordin's play, "Di mume fun varshe
(The Aunt From Warsaw)," fifteen numbers to Anshel Schorr's
musical comedy, "Dos meydl fun der vest (The Girl
From the West)" (known in Europe under the name, "Di
amerikanerin (The American)," in which "Oy vey,
mameynu (Oh My, Mother)" was the first mother song, and
"Kheyshek (Desire)," the first chansonnet song on the
Yiddish stage. Here there was also staged and played for
eighteen weeks Gordin's "Elisha ben abuyah," with
Rumshinsky's music. In the second season he wrote sixteen
numbers for Anshel Schorr's operetta, "Shir hashirim
(Song of Songs)," (in which for the first time on the
Yiddish stage there was performed a leit-motif in the
music), and the music for the song, "Fun keyver biz tsum
gruv (From Tomb to Grave)" (was very often sung by the
folksingers and cantors), twelve numbers to Anshel Schorr's
music. The Comedy "Borg mir zayn vayb (Lend Me Your
Wife)" and twelve illustrated musical numbers to Leo
Tolstoy's "Der lebediker mes (The Living
Corpse)."
The author Anshel Schorr
writes:
" ...
As the only one of the Yiddish playwrights who
can pridefully assert that he has more plays
using Rumshinsky’s music than any other writer …
I now wish to speak of Rumshinsky the theatrical
person, Rumshinsky the director. More than once,
while standing with his baton in the orchestra
pit during a general rehearsal, he would alter
the action onstage and direct several scenes
quite differently — and well-directed. “ … Were
Rumshinsky not to have been a musician, he would
have occupied an honored place in the Yiddish
theatre as an operetta-director.”
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Boaz Young tells that at the offering (with Clara Young) of
Schorr-Rumshinsky's operetta, "The American" ('The Girl of
the West") in Warsaw, "Rumshinsky's music had such success
that not only Jews sang it, but also Poles. They sung the music
in every cabaret."
From 1912-1913 he was the composer and conductor in
the Novelty Theatre (managers: Sara Adler, Michael
Mintz), where he wrote four musical numbers for B. Gorin's
comedy, "A baron oyf a tog (A Baron For a Day),"
fifteen musical numbers for N. Rakow's music, the comedy,
"Chantshe in America" (with Bessie Thomashefsky); here for
the first time introduced Yiddish music into American
rhythm), and twelve numbers for Anshel Schorr's operetta, "Dos
zise meydl (My Sweet Girl)," played in Newark, and in
1921 through Molly Picon in Europe.
From 1913-1914 he composed and directed in the
Royal Theatre (manager: Malvina Lobel), where he wrote
six numbers for Moshe Schorr's melodrama, "Di fremde
foygl (Strange Birds)," four numbers for B. Botwinick's
drama, "Beylke maronetke (Bella the Marionette),"
eight numbers to Mark Arnshtayn's play, "Di yidishe
tokhter (The Jewish Daughter)," five numbers to Moshe
Richter's drama, "Tsu shpet (Too Late)," and the
music to Gisner's play, "Gelt (Money)," and
Solotorefsky's "Brider (Brothers)."
1914-16 -- Composer and conductor in the People's
Theatre (manager: Joseph Edelstein), where he wrote
eight musical numbers for A. Buckstein's drama, "Geter
(Gods)," eight numbers for Louie Miller's "Der moser
(The Informer" (from which the song "Nokh tsion," was
sung by Lazar Freed, which was later became an anonymous
Zionistic song), twelve numbers for N. Rakow's music. A
comedy, "Di vayberishe melukhe (The Kingdom of
Women)," three numbers for I. Solotorefsky's melodrama, "Lebedige
yesoymim (Living Orphans)," six numbers to Rakow's
melodrama, "Farbotene frukht (Forbidden Fruit)," and
in the second season -- four musical numbers for
Solotorefsky's melodrama, "Prayz fun libe
(Price of Love)," four numbers to Moshe Richter's drama, "Fardakht
(Suspicion)," and twelve numbers for Max Gabel's musical
play, "A meydls nekome (A Girls Revenge)," as well as
the music to Moshe Schorr's "Tsurik in der heym (Back
at Home)," and Anshel Schorr's "A moyd mit seykhl (A
Girl With Sense).
1916-1919 -- composer and conductor in the
National Theatre (manager Boris Thomashefsky), where
during the first season he wrote twenty-two numbers for
Thomashefsky's operetta, "Dos tsebrokhene fidele (The
Broken Violin." This was the firs time when they performed a
special ballet on the Yiddish stage, with an orchestra of
twenty-four musicians, and on the advertisements and in the
announcements the name of the composer was mentioned as the
main creator of the operetta. From this operetta the songs
remaining especially popular were: "Ikh breng eykh a grus
fund der heym (I Bring Greetings From the Home)" (sung
by David Medoff).
The offering evoked a discussion between the composer and
the editor of the "Forward," Ab. Cahan.
In the same season Rumshinsky wrote twelve musical numbers
for Z. Kornblit's comedy, "Uptown and Downtown," from which
a very genuine American couplet, "Fifty-Fifty," was
perf0rmed (sung by Sam Kasten).
In the second season [1917-1918] Rumshinsky wrote
twenty music numbers for Thomashefsky's operetta, "Mazl
tov," for which there was popular the song "Moshiakh
iz gekumen (The Messiah is Coming)" (sung by Kalmen
Juvelier, later taken into the European offering of "Yankele,"
twelve songs for H. Kalmanowitz's musical comedy, "Upstairs
and Downstairs," fifteen numbers for Thomashefsky's
operetta, "Di khazante (The Cantoress)," which was
played with great success (It is was also staged in English
on 10 September 1931, also with the given musical numbers.)
From "Di khazante," especially popular were "Der kidush
(The Kiddush)" (sung by Regina Prager), "Respect Your Father
and Mother" (sung by Regina Prager and Kalmen Juvelier), and
"Sh'ma Yisroel (Hear, O Israel)." In that season
Rumshinsky also wrote numbers for Miller's melodrama, "Milkhome
kales (War Brides)," and music for an adaptation of
"Hoplia."
In the third season [1918-1919], Rumshinsky wrote
eighteen numbers for Thomashefsky's operetta, "Di lustike
yidelekh (The Jolly Hebrews)," fourteen numbers for
Anshel Schorr's singing piece, "Nokh der milkhome
(After the War)," and twenty numbers for Thomashefsky's folk
operetta, "Das alte lidele (An Old-Fashioned
Melody)," built on the old Yiddish folk melodies, and
arranged the Ukrainian music for Jacob Gordin's "Vilde
kozakn, oder, Yidn un Heydamakn (Wild Cossacks, or, Jews
and Heydamakn?)."
In 1919-1920 he was the composer and conductor in
Kessler's Second Avenue Theatre (manager: Joseph
Edelstein), where he wrote in the first season four numbers
for Libin's drama, "Dem shnayders tekhter (The
Tailor's Daughters," and the music to Gershom Bader's
operetta, "Dem rebins nigun (The Rabbi's Melody)" (25
September 1919), which also became popular with non-Jewish
theatre attendees. This song, "Ikh benk aheym (I Long
For Home" (sung by Ludwig Satz), recorded by Satz and
Seymour Rechtzeit), became one of the most popular in Jewish
America, and later across the Jewish world.
The author of "The Rabbi's Melody," Gershom Bader, tells
what Rumshinsky had said to him:
" ... I want a play from you of the true
Hasidic life." -- and when Bader told him
two Hasidic stories, he felt that the music
.... |
Boaz Young tells that Gershom Bader's play, "The
Rabbi's Melody" was not sent to him in Moscow, with
Rumshinsky's music, but he had, under the conditions
of Soviet Russia, did not put on the play as it was
written, but it had to be adapted, and it appeared
under the name, "Sha, der rebbe fort," and
"with the adaptation I have not been able to use
Rumshinsky's wonderful music, and Illya Trilling
created entirely new music for the play."
In 1920-21 Rumshinsky wrote twenty musical
numbers for Isidore Lillian's play, "Dos
shtifkind fun der velt (The Stepchild of the
World) (20 September 1920), five numbers for Anshel
Schorr's "A shvesters opfer (A Sister's
Sacrifice)," twenty numbers for Michael Goldberg's
operetta, "Der bobes yerushe (Grandma's
Inheritance)," four numbers for William Siegel's
melodrama, "Dos khupe kleyd (The Wedding
Gown)," and fifteen numbers for N. Rakow's comedy, "Hot
khasene (Get Married!)."
In 1921 Rumshinsky visited Europe and
brought back from there to the American Yiddish
stage the soubrette Matilda St. Claire.
During that season (1921-22) he wrote fifteen
numbers for William Siegel's operetta, "Shmendrik
oyf brodvay (Shmendrik on Broadway)," twenty
numbers for Lillian's operetta, "Der rebbe hot
geheysn freylekh zayn (The Rabbi Has Bidden Us
to Be Merry)" (with Regina Prager and St. Claire),
twelve numbers for Israel Rosenberg's play, "Berele
tremp (Berele the Tramp)" (with Bessie
Thomashefsky), and "A bintl briv," and twenty
numbers for the operetta, "Der rebbetzin's
tokhter (The Rebbetzin's daughter)," an
adaptation from the operetta, "A yidish kind
(A Jewish Child)."
In the 1922-23 season he wrote eighteen
numbers for the Hasidic operetta, "Kluge froyn
(Wise Women)" (adapted from Professor Hurwitz's "Khokhemes
neshim (Wise Women)," four numbers for Freiman's
melodrama, "Shtarker fun libe (Stronger Than
Love)" (with Jennie Valiere), from which the
romance, "Libes-shmertsn (Pangs of Love)"
was very popular, twenty numbers of music for
Freiman's operetta, "Di goldene kale (The
Golden Bride)," and also performed with Berta Kalich
in the title role a new musical adaptation of
Goldfaden's "Shulamis," for the benefit of
his home city, Vilna.
Ephim Jeshurin writes about this:
" ... Rumshinsky,
being isolated from Vilna, always
maintained his friendship with it. ...
Thanks to the efforts of Rumshinsky,
thanks to the plan of Rumshinsky, there
were .... collected hundreds of
thousands of dollars to alleviate the
suffering of the poor Jewish masses in
Vilna. Every undertaking for the Vilna
Relief Committee that was organized by
Rumshinsky, had the greatest success." |
Also a second Vilna restaurant in New York, Max
Golding, writes:
" ... Joseph Rumshinsky was one of the
first who came to help the Vilna Jews.
... He resurrected and staged
Goldfaden's historic operetta, 'Bar
Kokhba,' 'Shulamis,' and "Shmendrik.' He
directed other undertakings that brought
in rich sums of money. He was not at all
tired, working, creating, helping his
Vilna in her greater need." |
In the following seasons R. wrote for Kessler's
Second Avenue Theatre; 1923-24 -- fifteen
musical numbers for William Siegel's comedy, "Di
amerikaner rebbetzin (The American
Rebbetzin)," four numbers for I. Solotorefsky's
melodrama, "A mames opfer (A Mother's
Sacrifice)," fifteen numbers for Jacob Kalich's
musical story, "Yankele" (with Molly
Picon), from which the song, "Yankele" became
very popular, and eighteen numbers for L.
Freiman's and S.H. Cohen's operetta, "Tsipke,"
(with Molly Picon), from which the song, "Tsipke,"
and the love duet, "A bisl libe, a bisl glik
(A Little Love, A Little Happiness)," became
very popular.
In 1924-25 -- twenty musical numbers for
"Shmendrik's khasene (Shmendrik's
Wedding)" (Jacob Kalich's montage of Goldfaden's
type and lyrics, and from Shomer's "Homen der
tsveyter (Haman the Second)," and eighteen
numbers to Joseph Latayner's operetta, "Dos
tsigayner meydl (The Gypsy Girl)," from
which the romantic song, "Oh, tsigayner meydl
mayns (Oh, My Gypsy Girl)" was especially
popular; and in 1925-26 -- four numbers for
Simon Wolf's and L. Freiman's melodrama, "In
mitn veg (Midway)," fifteen numbers for
Anshel Schorr's operetta, "Moli doli
(Molly Dolly)," from which remained popular, "Vos
zol ikh ton, az ikh hob im lib" (sung by
Molly Picon), and "Ch'vil a meydl vi mayn
mame iz geven," fourteen numbers for N.
Rakow's operetta, "Katinka," with the
popular leit-motive, "Ch'ken fargesn yedn
eynem, nor nit on dir" (sung by Molly
Picon), and this soldier song, "Marsh-marsh
(March, March)" (sung by Willie Schwartz).
On 21 February 1926 Rumshinsky conducted in New
York at the Mecca Temple a concert for two
hundred cantors, for whom he performed his
cantata, "Oz Joshir" (for a man's chorus, solos:
bass, tenor and baritone, and orchestra), and a
fantasy for orchestra, "Der vider-kol fun
templ" (symphonic poem according to nusakhs
for praying). In August 1926 in the same concert
repeated for twenty-thousand listeners in Coney
Island Stadium.
For the 1926-27 season Rumshinsky took
over the management of Kessler's Second Avenue
Theatre, partnering with Jacob Kalich, Willie
Pasternak, Max Seiger, and Nathan Parnes, and he
wrote fifteen musical numbers for A. Nager's
operetta, "Der kleyner mazik (The Little
Devil)," twelve numbers for Meyer Schwartz's "Mamele
(Little Mother)," for which the songs, "Oyb
s'iz geven gut far mayn mamen, iz es gut far mir
(If It is Good For My Mother, It is Good for
Me)" (sung by Molly Picon, later recorded by
Lucy Levin), and twenty numbers in old Russian
music character to M. Osherowitch's operetta, "Tsarevitsh
fyodor (The Little Czar)."
The author M. Osherowitch writes:
" ... In the Yiddish theatre
Rumshinsky is not only a composer
and a conductor but, as well, an
innovator; he, himself, has ideas,
theatrical ideas, and when he
happens upon a good theatrical
concept he seeks out the appropriate
author to write the libretto. There
were several such cases in his
career. And in this connection it
would perhaps not be undue to
mention 'Dem rebin’s nign' (The
Rabbi’s Melody) and 'Tsarevitsh
fiyodor' (Tsar Fiyodor).” |
Rumshinsky remained for four years as
co-manager, composer and conductor in
Kessler's Second Avenue Theatre, and he
wrote during the 1927-28 season --
eighteen musical numbers for Chona
Gottesfeld's singing play, "Reyzele,"
in which there became popular, "S'felt
mir di rozhinkes (I Like the Raisins)"
(sung by Molly Picon), fifteen numbers for
H. Kalmanowitz's folk operetta, "Oy iz
dos a meydl (Some Girl)," with a very
popular leit-motif, "Oy, iz dos a meydl,"
and fifteen numbers for Joseph Latayner's
operetta, "Mazl brokhe."
1928-29 -- sixteen numbers to "Dos
tsirkus meydl (The Circus Girl)," by the
Shomer Sisters, with the popular songs, "Mir
zol zayn far dir" (sung by Molly Picon),
and "Men ken lebn, nor men lozt nit"
(sung by Sam Kasten), fourteen numbers to
Sheine Rokhl Simkoff's comedy, "Helo,
moli (Hello, Molly)," and eighteen songs
to Jacob Kalich's revue, "Second Avenue
Follies."
1929-30 -- Fourteen numbers for L.
Freiman's operetta, "Dos radio meydl
(The Radio Girl)," from which there was
especially popular "Es tsit, es brit"
(sung by Molly Picon), fourteen numbers to
William Siegel's operetta, "Dos freylekhe
yesoymele (The Jolly Orphan)," and
fifteen numbers to Siegel's "Di
komediantke (The Comedian), with the
popular duet, "Du bizt mayn glik, mayn
eyn un eyntsik (You Are My Happiness, My
One and Only)" (sung by Molly Picon and Muni
Serebrov.)
On 27 January 1929, Rumshinsky directed "Shulamis"
on the Yiddish radio in New York, with Ts.H.
Rubinstein as the commentator.
In 1930-31 Rumshinsky went over to
the Folks Theatre with Molly Picon and Jacob
Kalich, where he wrote sixteen numbers to
Harry Kalmanowitz's and Jacob Kalich's
operetta, "Dos meydl fun amol (The
Girl From Yesterday)," from which there
became very popular, "Emese libe
(True Love)" (sung by Molly Picon and Leon
Gold), and "Der gilgl fun a nigun
(The Transformation of a Melody?)," (sung
and recorded by Molly Picon), twelve musical
numbers to "Ganevishe libe (Love
Thief)" by Benjamin Ressler, with the very
popular song, "In mayne oygn bistu sheyn
(In My Eyes You Are Beautiful)" (sung by
Molly Picon).
On 1 February 1931 in the Mecca Temple there
took place the second great cantorial
concert under the leadership of Rumshinsky,
where there was performed his new
compositions, "Shma Koleinu
(Hear Our Voice)" (male
chorus, orchestra and solos), "Min
Hameitzer (From the Straits)"
(according to Pitse Abrams, written for a
men's chorus, tenor- and baritone-solos and
orchestra), and "Al Tira (Have
No Fear)" (according
to Sh. Alman, written for a male chorus,
tenor- and solo-orchestra).
About Rumshinsky, the composer of liturgical
music, the composer Jacob Rappoport, then
the president of the Cantor's Union:
" ... Analyzing [prior
to the performance] the two
compositions ['Az yishir,' 'Yishmakh moyshe' —
'Then Direct,' 'Moses Rejoices'] on the piano, it
became quite clear to the Music
Committee, among which are found
the greatest theoreticians, that
we are dealing here with a
first-class, God-blessed
musician. … All of us came to
the next rehearsals with great
desire to learn something from
him. His every remark, his every
shading, his tone-illustrations,
how a certain note or a whole
phrase was sung, and how in fact
it should have been sung were
often received with the greatest
applause. We not only admired
him as a talented conductor, but
we also recognized him as a
teacher and a professional who
knows what he wants to achieve.
In him we found a combination of
composer, conductor, pedagogue
and interpreter gathered
together in the mind of an ish
khokhem v’nivun — [man of wisdom
and prophecy].” |
On 9 April 1931 Rumshinsky celebrated
his fiftieth birthday with a large
concert of his liturgical and theatre
compositions, in which there
participated almost the entire Yiddish
theatre profession, and the entire
cantors' union, and with a banquet after
the concert. For his birthday there also
was published the "Rumshinsky Book" (128
pages, quarter-size), edited by M.
Osherowitch, Ts.H. Rubinstein, Z.
Zylbercweig (actual editor), William
Edlin, Ch. Ehrenreich, J. Kirschenbaum,
and Sh. Perlmutter as secretary of the
editorial collegium.
In the "Rumshinsky Book" there is
included articles by Zalmen Zylbercweig,
Zalmen Reisen, Ab. Cahan, Dr. A.
Mukdoni, Reuben Guskin, Jacob Kalich,
B. Vladek, Ts.H. Rubinstein, M.
Osherowitch, Maurice Schwartz, Dr. Jacob
Shatzky, Jacob Kirschenbaum, Jacob
Rapport, Sholem Perlmutter, B.
Botwinick, Gershom Bader, Chaim
Ehrenreich, Anshel Schorr, Boris
Thomashefsky, Sholom Secunda, Ephim
Jeshurin, L. Mlotek, Max Golding, M.A.
and Z.Z., English articles by Isaac
Goldberg, Nathan J. Ferber, Edwin Franco
Goldman, and Dr. Sh. Irving, several
writings by Joseph Rumshinsky and
welcomes.
In the evaluations of Rumshinsky's
activities, it was brought out by Ab.
Cahan the following characterization:
" ... In the history of
our theatre ... there
arrived a new, great name, a
name of a highly important
personality, whose artistic
activity was not connected
with the stage, but with a
composer's deck, and a
conductor's stool. This is
the name of Joseph
Rumshinsky. When they call
out the name of Goldfaden,
Jacob Gordin, Mogulesco,
Adler, Kessler, they must
also mention the name of
Joseph Rumshinsky. Thus it
will be written in the
historic register of the
Yiddish theatre. Rumshinsky's
music, Rumshinsky's music, his
originals, his own things,
and those he adapted from
the musical world literature
to the Yiddish stage, were
imbued with talent and with
the Yiddish soul ... that
Rumshinsky is a man with a
born talent, that one can
see, not only from his work
as a musician, but also from
the things that he creates
as a writer. He has a unique
humor, with a unique power
of imagination." |
Dr. A. Mukdoni writes:
" ... The singular
theatre musician who
through and through was
professional with us, is
Joseph Rumshinsky. ...
When I hear and see one
of Rumshinsky's
operettas, I see a
professional musician
and a professional
conductor. Besides him
sings the chorus, the
orchestra plays, and the
singers sing in a strong
harmony. ... He always
had the audience in
mind, but does not lower
himself down to them. He
always captures the
audience, but with
honest and fine musical
means. He criticizes the
musical weakness of the
Jewish audience, on
popularity and on other
similar Jewish customs,
but he can refine,
sharpen and deepen it.
... His music gives
movement, it gives
images, plastic images.
It portrays sharply
theatrical dramatic
conflicts, sharp comic
clashes." |
Dr. Jacob
Shatzky:
" ... His work in the
direction of anti-Jewish
operetta is an
'anti-Semitism', which
deserves to be praised.
... already the fact
itself that he attracted
librettist Yiddish
writers (Gottesfeld,
Osherowitch, Ressler et
al.), shows ... that he
has the best of
intentions to create a
pure operetta in the
Yiddish language. ...
Rumshinsky is even big
city, when he
illustrates a
'small-town' operetta.
He has a volume, color,
loves orchestral
complexity, operates
with a rich, musical
baggage. How much he is
original in the music
should be judged by the
audience. That he is
interested in performing
a musical illustration
to an opera, --- this
can be judged by anyone
who has a sense of
music." |
M.
Osherowitz:
" ... 'Music by
Rumshinsky' has
become virtually a
kind of popular
expression. ... In
Europe, sometimes
they put into the
advertisements,
'Music by
Rumshinsky,' even at
such operettas to
which Rumshinsky did
not write the music
at all.
... Rumshinsky
was successful in
the Yiddish theatre
in America as a
musician, even when
the serious drama
was more respectable
than the operetta --
in the time of Jacob
Gordin. As to
several, serious
dramas, he wrote for
them then what they
called 'incidental
music,' and some of
these melodies are
also currently
popular with people;
they are sung to
accompaniment, they
play them at
concerts, in the
Jewish quarters,
monkey grinders drag
them into the
streets. ... They
are listed on folk
music, as is the
case with his melody
from 'Uitn lkh mtl
hsmim (And Will Give
You the Dew of
Heaven).'
... When the
operetta began to
take over the top on
the Yiddish stage in
America,
Rumshinsky's success
became only greater
than before. Here he
found a wide field
for his creation,
and he began to
compete with
composers, and very
often ... the
composer was
completely
obscured."
|
Maurice
Schwartz:
" ... He
can autopsy the
theatre and and
can tell
accurately how
to measure not
only the heart
and innards, but
every single
cell. …The
public sings
Rumshinsky’s
motifs because
he does not
stray. He is not
ashamed to say
that he writes
for the crowd. … Rumshinsky
would’ve also
been a good
actor, a good
director and
even a good
dancer. All of
these elements
are felt in his
creations
because a hidden
strength
vibrates in
them, allowing
the player and
the singer to
feel the pulse
of life. … He is
for them a
magician, he
hypnotizes and
doesn’t work at
it too hard …” |
Ts.H. Rubinstein writes:
" ... Every sound
of his is
soaked in Jewishness,
and even the
detached
Litvak
[Lithuanian
Jew] in him
could not
defeat and
will never
defeat the
Jewish
sentiment in
him and its
soulfulness.
… I love his
sagacity,
his
sharpness of
mind, his
native
intelligence,
his wise
heresy. … A
light-hearted,
winged
‘bohemian,’
who can get
drunk on the
beauty of a
lovely word
or a divine
gesture.” |
Jacob
Kirschenbaum:
" ... The
musical
trade is for
him a holy
labor. He
approaches
his
conducting
and
composing
most
earnestly.
…Singing, he
raised the
Yiddish
theatre to
become a
modern
institution.” |
Berl
Botwinick:
" ...
Mostly, the
lyrics of
Yiddish
theatre
tunes are
repulsive.
When one
sings
Rumshinsky’s
tunes the
words don’t
matter. No
words are
needed for
his
melodies.
The tune
itself
reveals all.
When
Rumshinsky
creates a
melody it
already
contains the
meaning in
the tiniest
wrinkle of
the nign
[tune,
melody].
… Were
Rumshinsky
not a
theatre
person he
would
certainly
have been a
successful
teller of
tales, a
writer. … I
believe that
since
Abraham
Goldfaden, there has
not been
such a
generally
popular
personality,
such a
breadth of
influence
over the
spirit of
the Yiddish
theatre as Joseph Rumshinsky.” |
And his co-worker of
many years, Jacob
Kalich,
expresses
himself:
" ...
When
Rumshinsky
starts to
write a
composition,
he doesn’t
just take
the a-b-c of
the text, but
he dissolves
himself
harmonically
in his
entirety. He
becomes not
only the
composer but
he also
becomes the
author, the
director,
the set
designer; he
knows the
beginning
and he knows
the end. He
feels the
content and
he sees the
object. And
that is why
he produces
‘complete’
compositions.” |
The Jewish-American
conductor, Dr. E. Franco
Goldman:
" ...
Joseph
Rumshinsky
may be
called the
second
Victor
Herbert
since he was
apparently
awarded the
same gift
that made
Herbert such
an unusual
figure in
the musical
world. … I
attended
many of his
appearances,
and I am a
great
admirer of
his work.” |
Dr. Sh.
Irving:
" ... That which
[Jerome]
Kern did for
the American
operetta, J.
Rumshinsky
accomplished
in the
Yiddish
operetta.
… His music
is inspired
by the
lyrical
naïveté of a
Schubert. It
is melodic, singable and
harmonic.” |
The critic N. J. Ferber:
" ...
Rumshinsky
did not
always arise
above the
materialism
of his time.
Essentially
an artist,
he
nevertheless
clearly
understands
the decadent
taste of his
theatre
audience and
he quite
consciously
surrendered
to that
taste, but
when he
rebelled
against it
and pursued
his own
path, he
always
honorably
freed
himself of
it [the
former]." |
Reuben Guskin, the
manager of the Yiddish
Actors' Union, who had
dealings with
Rumshinsky,
writes:
" ...
Rumshinsky
is one of
those
artists who
are masters
of their
craft and,
simultaneously,
living
persons
whose every
sense is
tied to
their
environment.
They know
what is
going on
around
themselves.
Rumshinsky
is a true
‘showman,’
one of the
best in the
Yiddish
theatre. … He
does not
descend to
unsuitable
means that
would
dishonor his
talent.
However, he
always and
forever
keeps the
audience in
mind. … He
beautified
the Yiddish
operetta,
gentrified
it, made it
universal.
Yet, he did
not drag it
into the
clouds;
still, he
did not
drive off
the
theatre-masses.
… For this,
his name
will live as
long as the
Yiddish
stage, as
long as
Yiddish
actors will
play and
sing for
Jewish
theatre-goers.”
|
And Zalmen Zylbercweig
describes him thus:
" ...
With an iron
hand he
atrophies
the old, no
longer
circulating
blood on the
Yiddish
stage and
introduces
young,
fresh,
pulsating
blood.
Scores of
young girls
and boys are
led by him
out of the
choirs and
are raised
as young
fans, prima
donnas,
soubrettes
and comic
buffoons.
… He even
becomes
Prof. Voronov of
the
Methusalian
choir. He
liberates
the entire
‘land storm’
and leads
their young
daughters
into the
choir. … In
the course
of the eight years
(the
Rumshinsky-Molly
Picon-Jacob
Kalich
period) in
which
Rumshinsky
operettas,
by their
hearty,
encyclopedic
music — with
their
conflating Jewishness
with
worldliness,
Europe and
America; the
pious,
genteel,
dreamy with
the
liberated,
wanton and
unbound —
stemmed the
flight of
the Yiddish
theatre
public. Some
hundreds of
melodies
that pounded
as hammers
into Jewish
homes in
America, not
allowing the
the leaking
Yiddish
beaker to
run out.” |
Chaim Ehrenreich
characterizes Rumshinsky
as a person in this
manner:
" ...
Joseph
Rumshinsky
is mainly a
person of
emotion.
…For a
friend
Rumshinsky
is prepared
to ‘go into
fire and
water.’…Should,
however, the
same friend
express
friendliness
about
someone whom
Rumshinsky
finds
unpleasant,
Rumshinsky
will suspect
him of all
that is
evil. As
every
artist,
Rumshinsky
possesses
much
femininity
in his
character.
He is highly
sensitive
and can be
highly
sentimental.
He is as
naïve as a
woman. He
loves
compliments,
as a bee
loves honey.
…It is a
pleasure to
spend time
with
Rumshinsky.
He is always
new in his
conversation.
His
comparisons
are so on
point that a
single word
of his shows
you a total
situation in
a wholly new
light.” |
Wolf Mercur, in his “Mercuriousities,”
plays thus on the
Rumshinsky-strings:
" ...
Rumshinsky
is not only
a product of
the Yiddish
theatre, he
is its
expression;
he himself
creates the
expression.
…Rumshinsky
created and
recreated
his original
folkish
compositions
and some of
them reached
back to the
root,
becoming
folkish.
…Under his
musical
sounds and
hands many
singers
arose as
stars or
were
extinguished
as candles.
…Rumshinsky
wrote for
his period
and
according to
the demands
of his
circles. The
classicists
did so for
crowned
heads and
patrons;
Rumshinsky
did it for
the Yiddish
theatre
audience.
…Many of his
liturgical
compositions
penetrate
and trill
into the
hearts of
the
prayerful
without
naming their
creator. …In
the style of
prayers, of
the
Torah-reading
tunes, of
the priestly
benedictions
and other
traditional
and
religious
sounds, he
created his
new
Jewish-liturgical
motifs in
which every
limb sings,
in which
floats the
Jewish soul,
the sorrow
of Job, the
passion of
the Song of
Songs, the
sobbing of
Lamentations,
the tragedy
of the Exile
and the joy
of Rejoicing
in the Law.” |
After his birthday
jubilee, for which the
"Forward" dedicated a
special page on 7 April
1931 [date should be 27
April 1931], the
direction of the "Second
Avenue Theatre" split
up, and Rumshinsky took
over the direction of
the theatre.
The 1931-32
season [at the Second
Avenue Theatre]
opened up with Ola
Lilith and Willy Godik
in "Dos meydl fun
varshe (The Girl
From Warsaw)," by
Menakhem Bareysha and
Benjamin Ressler, with
his music, from which
the number, "Varshe
(Warsaw)" (sung by Ola
Lilith) is a great
success and was
published by the "Metro
Music Company."
On 24 December 1931
there was staged in the
Second Avenue Theatre
with Ola Lilith, Chona
Gottesfeld's "Plezhur
(Pleasure)," a musical
comedy in two acts and
five scenes, with
Rumshinsky's music.
On 30 August 1932 there
appeared in the Second
Avenue Theatre for the
Forward, within the "Vakeyshon
folis (Vacation
Follies)," Lillian's "Shulamis
fun montoselo
(Shulamis From
Monticello)," with
Rumshinsky's music.
For the 1932-33
season, R. was engaged
as musical director in
Brooklyn's Rolland
Theatre, where he
wrote the music to the
operetta, "Dos lid
fun yisroel (The
Song of Israel)," by
Louis Freiman, to H.
Kalmanowitz's, "Ven
ikh bin raykh! (If I
Was Rich!)" (staged by
Michal Michalesko), and
in March 1933 to "A
rusishe khasene (A
Russian Wedding)," by
William Siegel (staged
through Michal
Michalesko).
In 1934 in the
Second Avenue Theatre
there appeared Ossip
Dymow's, "Ot loyft di
kale," with
Rumshinsky's music.
In 1935 there appeared
Anshel Schorr's "Shir
hashirim (Song of
Songs)," as a film with
Rumshinsky's music.
For the 1935-37
seasons Rumshinsky went
over, together with
Menasha Skulnik, to the
Folks Theatre,
and here there was
staged for the first
season L. Freiman's "Fishl
der gerotener," and
for the second season,
on 17 September 1936, "Shlumiel,"
by H. Kalmanowitz; on 24
December 1936, L.
Freiman's "Senor
Hershl," and on 12
February 1937, "Dos
galitsianer rebe'le
(The Galician Rabbi)" by
L. Freiman and Sh.
Steinberg (everything
was staged by Menasha
Skulnik, with him in the
main roles), music by
Rumshinsky.
In the 1937-38
season both directors
went over to the
Second Avenue Theatre,
where there were staged
by Menasha Skulnik, "Yosl
mit zayne vayber
(Yosel and His Wives),"
by Louis Freiman, and on
5 November 1937, "Freylekh
in shtetl (Jolly
Village)," a folk comedy
by Isidore Friedman and
Israel Rosenberg, with
music by Rumshinsky.
For the 1937-38
season, Rumshinsky was
the director of the
Public Theatre,
together with Ludwig
Satz, who performed
there on October 1937 in
Gershom Bader's
operetta, "Ikh benk
aheym (Longing For
Home)," and then
Siegel's play, "Moshiakh
kumt (The Messiah is
Coming)."
For the 1938-39
season Rumshinsky was
engaged as musical
director in the
National Theatre
(director: Jacob
Ben-Ami), where he wrote
the music to I.J.
Singer's "Khaver
nakhman."
For the 1939-40
season Rumshinsky was
engaged to the Folks
Theatre (manager:
Jacob Wexler), where
there was staged (with
Ola Lilith, Ludwig Satz
and Edmund Zayenda),
Abraham Blum's operetta,
"Ven di zun gayt oyf
(Sunrise)," with
Rumshinsky's music.
Writing about the
Chicago production of
"Sunrise," Sh. Zamd put
forth about Rumshinsky's music:
"In the sunny
operetta,
Rumshinsky He
has twenty such
sweet, melodic
numbers. It's
really hard to
indicate with
song
(composition) is
better. All of
them are good,
they enter into
our hearts, into
the soul, and
all the members
sing along. As
an example, the
songs are: 'Shoyn
iz dos lebn,' 'Libe
un glik,' 'Oy,
s'iz a mekhaye
(Oh, It is a
Pleasure),' "S'vilt
zikh shteln a
khupe,' 'Ven di
zun gayt oyf
(Sunrise),' 'Er
libt mikh yo, er
libt mikh nit
(He Loves Me, He
Doesn't Love
Me),' the
counts' 'Vig-lid,'
and the unhappy
Moshe Golem's
song of lament,
'Ver bin ikh?
(Who Am I?).' " |
For the 1940-41
season, R. was engaged
to the Public Theatre
(director: Herman
Yablokoff), where he
wrote the music to "Mayn
vayse blum (My White
Flower)," by Abraham
Blum.
In the 1944-45
season Rumshinsky was
engaged in the Second
Avenue Theatre,
where he wrote the music
to Friedman's "A gute
bashure (Good News)"
(staged through Menasha
Skulnik).
During the 1946-49
seasons Rumshinsky was
the musical director for
Maurice Schwartz's "Yiddish
Art Theatre," and
here he created the
music to Peretz's "Dray
matones (Three Gifts),"
"Dr. Herzl," "Dos gezang fun Dnieper (The
Song of the Dnieper)" by
Zalman Shneour, Sholem
Aleichem's "Blonjende
shtern (Roaming Stars),"
"Shylok un zayn
tokhter (Shylock and
His Daughter)," Gilner's
"Dos kol fun yisroel
(The Voice of
Israel)," and "Hershele
Ostropoler."
In 1949 Rumshinsky wrote
music for Jacob Kalich's
and Sholem Perlmutter's
operetta, "Abi gezunt
(As Long As You're
Healthy)," which was
played with Molly Picon
in the Second Avenue
Theatre, and to Sheine
Rokhl Simkoff's play, "Favolye,
tate! (Take It
Easy!)" (with Molly
Picon).
Rumshinsky in the most
recent years was
continuously engaged in
the National Theatre,
where he is strongly
guarded through Irving
Jacobson, one of the
directors of the
theatre.
In 1940
Rumshinsky compiled the
greatest part of his
earlier published
articles in the
"Forward," with a series
of new articles,
especially memories abut
his theatre activity,
and they were
republished in the "Tog"
under the name, "Epizodn
fun mayn lebn
(Episodes of My Life),"
and in 1944 he published
this work in a book, "Klangen
fun may lebn (Sounds
of My Life)" (832
pages), rich
illustrations, which
were assembled by Zalmen
Zylbercweig.
According to Zalmen
Zylbercweig, who was the
"ghost" writer for many
of the articles,
Rumshinsky was able to
conduct with his
thoughts, make up his
mind and form his
thoughts and ideas as on
notes. He used to
dictate a sentence, or
tell of an episode, or
express an idea in a
theoretical article,
which "passed through
and escaped" (as
Rumshinsky used express
himself), and
Zylbercweig used to
write it. Then, hearing
the written sentence,
Rumshinsky often used to
express "This is how
everyone wants to
write," and he used to
tear up what was written
and begin to dictate
something new and
different. Sometimes
when he would hear read
the written sentence or
set with changes to his
style and additions, he
protested that it should
be written exactly in
the style in which he
written it. On the claim
that it is not
professional, and thus
not grammatical, his
answer used to be, "This
is what I really want,
otherwise it will soon
be recognized that I did
not write it, but a
professional writer." By
dictating an article, it
gave the impression that
he writes a composition
with a leit-motif with
which the composition
begins and ends. So
sometimes he begins an
article with a phrase,
and definitely want to
end this article with
this phrase, or by
spelling it out. When
writing memoirs,
especially about
deceased artists, it was
evident that quite often
the truth and precision
are brought to the altar
of an effective
expression or especially
of an effective ending.
One memory brought out a
second and it sometimes
looked like it was an
endless story, so many
experiences, so many
episodes and so many
wanting to describe it
all.
Hillel Rogoff writes
about the
book:
" ...
Rumshinsky is
also a good
observer and
able narrator.
He notices the
uniqueness of
people, that
which divides
the individual
from the mass,
and he knows how
to formulate it
in simple, clear
words. ... The
first part of
the book takes
place in Old
Russia during
the first twenty
years of
Rumshinsky's
life. Rumshinsky
leads us into a
society where
several worlds
collide: the
cantor, the
Yiddish theatre,
and the gentile
circus and
cabarets. ...
From the images
one gets an
excellent idea
of the condition
of Yiddish
theatre at that
time, and a
concept of the
internal forces
that kept it
alive. The most
interesting part
of the book is
found in the
later sections,
where it talks
about America.
... The
American section
of the book are
less
autobiographical
and carry the
character of
historical and
artistic essays.
... Rumshinsky
figures very
much in the
entire book. In
the American
section,
however, he only
figures as a
composer, as a
creator, like
the rest of the
artists,
managers and
personalities
about whom he
tells about.
About his
personal,
intimate life,
about his own
experiences, he
write less
there. ... Even
about his
'business
experiences' in
the theatre,
Rumshinsky gives
us very little.
... In general,
notice that
Rumshinsky wants
to talk less
about material,
everyday things.
For him, the
book, like his
musical
creations, is
not a matter for
soul-raising.
... As you read
this book, you
will love the
theatre more,
and it will
become dear to
you. You see the
actors in a
magic light, and
in you awakens a
longing after
those evenings
when you saw the
plays, and the
actors about
whom Rumshinsky
tells you
about."
|
And Jacob Mestel writes
about the
book:
" ... Most of
the chapters of
the book are
published in the
"Tog" and
possess the
character of an
episodic
"coffee-conversation,"
with a certain
"spirit," a pink
lightness and
humor. Included
in the tablets
of a book of
over eight
hundred pages,
this
"fluffiness"
becomes bloated
and loses even
more weight. ..
But not looking
at this, the
book possesses
enough content
-- partially
even richness in
form -- that it
should interest
the reader,
especially those
who are looking
for a sniff of
the atmosphere
around the
theatre and his
behind-the-curtain's
elements. ... He
possesses the
ability to give
in several
words the main
characteristic
of a human
being. ... this
book also gives
us a certain
amount of
interesting
words from the
Yiddish theatre
greats. ...
performing/passing
various phases
of Yiddish and
non-Yiddish
theatre can tell
you piquant
behind-the-scenes
stories. ... The
chapters ...
bring a piece, 'Kunst-hu-ha,'
from the former
'East Side' in
New York, with
all the joy and
tragedies of the
theatre world of
that 'golden
epoch.' ... At
times, the book
is written
lively, smooth,
though
primitive-narrative,
and sometimes
even amateurish.
... The theatre
stories are
interwoven with
light humor but
even more with
simple behind
the scenes- and
coffeehouse
jokes. But not
looking at all
the "hints about
love," and even
intrigues, they
were written in
a restrained
way, with tact
and often even
with taste.
Understand that
it lacks not
even the meager
modesty of "I am
the first" (as
is usual in the
memories of
theatre people),
but Rumshinsky
is much more
sincere, does
not even keep
quiet over his
own weaknesses,
and it almost
never manifests
itself in the
rich role of an
'art-alrightnik.'
... Also through
small episodes
there are
created
character
features, short,
scarce remarks
and words, a
little bit of
material that
can serve as
studies for
biographies and
monographs of
known Yiddish
stage artists." |
I.L. Wohlman
writes:
" ...
This book,
"Sounds From
My Life,"
begins as an
ordinary
autobiography,
but emerges
as living
encyclopedia
of the
Yiddish
artist
worlds
over the
span of the
last two to
three
generations.
It is a
gallery of
cantors and
actors,
circus
riders and
cantors'
choirboys,
theatre
directors,
Russian
revolutionaries,
dancers and
singers of
all kinds,
Jews and
non-Jews,
with whom
Rumshinsky's
restless
spirit and
fluttering
temperament
brought him
together in
his frequent
wanderings
from place
to place.
They are all
portrayed by
him through
finely drawn
lines of
their
characters,
habits and
with a
mixture of
light
episodes and
humorous
anecdotes."
|
In his book, "Sounds
From My Life," the
author touches on the
problem of the
originality of his
compositions:
" ... As I
have written
popular music,
that is, music
that, as soon as
one hears it,
penetrates the
thoughts of the
listener, such
music is already
very easy, and
it seems that
you have already
heard it. I used
to listen to the
comments on my
music: 'It
really is very
good, but he
takes, he
borrows.' There
were good
friends who made
attentive music
publishers, and
managers of
Broadway
theatres who
really used to
come down with
musical
detectives. In
the many years
of my career as
a composer, I
have not been to
court for such
things, that is,
for using my
music. I must
add, however,
that I greatly
admired my
fathers and
especially my
mothers. I have
transferred many
very heartfelt
melodies to the
people, with
modern harmony
and with great
success. And to
whomever thinks
a music number
has become
popular, the
sounds became
more and more
widespread." |
As an example,
Rumshinsky tells about
one time, during the
operetta, "Mazl tov," an
actress sang to him a
waltz with some German
words, pretending that
the music was loud. In
order to reject the
claim, Rumshinsky later
reprinted the
composition and later
won the five hundred
dollar prize in a
contest for a
composition in honor of
the Statue of Liberty
(Freedom Statue), sung
by singer Belle Story
[sp].
And regarding the
subject for which he
used to write his
compositions, Rumshinsky
tells:
" ... After I
had already
written for
Boris
Thomashefsky,
and with Boris
Thomashefsky,
'The Broken
Violin,' 'Up
Town and Down
Town,' 'Mazl Tov,'
'Di lustike
yidelekh (The
Jolly Hebrews),'
'Di khazante,'
-- all great
operettas that
are referred to
in this
world-repertoire
"comic operas,"
because they are
more like
operettas and
contain heavier,
more serious
music than
operettas -- We
decided that our
next operetta
should be built
on folk
melodies, which
the people can
and do remember.
To the nations
of the world
this is not new:
Richard Wagner,
Carl von Weber,
even Beethoven
have used songs
with folk
melodies, but
building an
entire operetta
on folk melodies
in the Yiddish
theatre was the
first attempt,
and we indeed
gave the
operetta the
name of, "Di
alte lidele (An
Old-Fashioned
Melody)." ... As
the music of the
operetta was a
success, a
pleasant one,
with hits
folk-motifs,
romantic songs,
arias,
ensembles, which
carried a folk
character and
had a folk
appeal, such
that the play
was awkward. It
did not stick
word for word." |
In general about the
problem of subjects for
his music, Rumshinsky
writes:
"I have
seldom ever had
great luck with
good, healthy
subjects and
fine content to
my perfect
music. I spent
my whole life
trying to come
up with silly
content and
awkward prose
with my music."
|
Chaim Ehrenreich
tells:
" ...
Rumshinsky's
energy did not
know of any
measure. He
wrote, planned,
helped
organizations,
institutions,
clearly events
and rarely took
money for his
work. When
Yeshiva
University stood
a little closer
to the Yiddish
street,
Rumshinsky every
winter, in the
span of years,
for them he
directed large
musical
spectacles in
the Waldorf
Astoria and
attracted
distinguished
Yiddish writers
to assist in the
literary part of
the work.
... In recent
years, when he
had to see how
the Yiddish
theatre was
shrinking, he
suffered
greatly. He
suffered both
because he loved
the theatre with
eternal love,
and because he
could not
tolerate the
idea that he
should no longer
have where and
for whom to
write. He was
afraid to
imagine his life
without a
theatre."
|
And about the latest
three compositions that
Rumshinsky published:
(To Morris Bassin's "Dem
Baal Shem-Tov's Zemerl,")
and to the set of
Tenakh, "Ko Omar
Adonoy" and "Shirat
L'Charmo,"
Rumshinsky writes in a
letter to Chaim
Ehrenreich:
"That the
lyrics of the
above songs, I
mean the text of
our prophets, is
good, knowing
all, and as far
as my music for
this [is
concerned], we
will rely on
musicians and
singers. Cantors
and concert
singers used to
complain to me
until now why I
haven't written
an important
Yiddish song in
a long time. It
is indeed with
the help of the
publisher Henry
Lefkowitz of the
Metro Music
Company, who
helped me get my
three songs
published. True
Yiddish melodies
always accompany
this Jew in body
and in joy." |
According to Zalmen
Zylbercweig, when the
Yiddish-Hebrew writer,
I.L. Wohlman, had lived
for several years in
America, He had, as a
theatre-writer and
theatre-reviewer, become
closely acquainted with
Rumshinsky, and the
result of his friendship
was that Wohlman had
written the opera,
"Rut (Ruth)," and Rumshinsky
composed the music for
the opera and seriously
prepared it to be
performed. As the hopes
that the opera might be
performed in the Land of
Israel, it turned out to
be very weak. Rumshinsky
said that he invested
quite a handsome amount
of money, orchestrating
at his own expense the
musical numbers for the
opera and convened a
meeting with community
activists and musical
personalities, for which
he used to play on the
piano a set from the
opera, in order for them
to win over the idea of
performing the opera in
America. He even decided
on his own to travel to
Israel and try his luck
with the opera. It is
for this purpose, that
at the end of 1951 there
occurred a great,
departure concert in New
York, but nothing became
of the journey. At first
in December 1952, when
Zylbercweig was a guest
in the State of Israel,
he made an announcement
in a newspaper that the
Israel radio [station],
"Kol Yisrael," in
Jerusalem had
played several excerpts
of the opera. When he
brought knowledge of
this to Rumshinsky,
there was no limit to
his joy; but at the same
time he could not calm
down again because his
greatest work -- as he
called it -- was not
expressed on stage.
About the opera, Chaim
Ehrenreich also
writes:
" ... He
always dreamed
that he would
succeed in
visiting the
State of Israel
and seeing his
Hebrew work
performed there.
He even planned
to bring in two
or three
acclaimed
singers for the
lead roles."
|
From Rumshinsky's
compositions there are
very many that were
published through the
various Yiddish music
publishing houses and
have had a great
departure among the
Yiddish theatregoers and
general people. Many of
his compositions are
recorded by the actor
and singer Menasha
Skulnik, Molly Picon,
Samuel Goldinburg, Meyer
Steinwortzel, the Barry
Sisters, Seymour
Rechtzeit, Sidor
Belarsky, Ben Bonus,
Lucy Levin, Chaim Tauber
et al.
"Two of the motifs are
in the Soviet Union --
writes Wolf Mercur --
published, with new
words in a collection of
folksongs." Rumshinsky
often used to express to
Zalmen Zylbercweig, that
his greatest joy is that
his composition, 'Uitn
lkh,' be
published without his
name, as a folk song.
Rumshinsky, in the last
years of his life
particularly devoted
himself to performing
with orchestras for the
large, Yiddish holiday
concert for societal
institutions, and on
Passover in the
Mountains, in the
opru-places. He
excelled in arranging
"pageants," so that
there really was no
great Jewish undertaking
in which Rumshinsky
would not participate in
the program. He also
devoted himself to
orchestrating and
directing with the
orchestras to the
prayers of Cantor Moshe
Kussevitsky, which
became recorded.
His last creations were
compositions to "Ko Omar Adonoy,"
"Shirat
L'Charmo,""
and "Dem
basherts nigun," which
were published and were
also recorded by Sidor
Belarsky, Ben Bonus and
Chaim Tauber.
On 6 February 1956,
Rumshinsky, after a
short illness, in New
York, was brought to his
eternal rest in the
cemetery plot of the
Yiddish Theatrical
Alliance.
Rumshinsky was survived
by his second wife,
Frieda Lakser, his
daughter Betty, and his
son, Murray, from his
first wife Sabina Lakser.
Rumshinsky was very
active in the Society of
Jewish Composers, and
especially in the
committee of the
"Lexicon of the Yiddish
Theatre," where for a
time he was president.
Thousands of Jews came
to his funeral, Cantor
Moshe Kussevitsky with a
chorus of cantors under
the direction of Abe
Nadel, sang. And
eulogies were made by
Irving Grossman, Herman
Yablokoff, Jacob Kalich,
Chaim Ehrenreich, Gustav
Berger, Maurice
Schwartz, Cantor Zundl
Eskovich, and Sholom
Secunda.
In his obituary from the
"Forward," it was
said:
" ... His
music is sung
wherever the
Yiddish word is
present, and
many of the
theatre songs
that the
deceased has
composed, are
included in the
treasure of
Yiddish folk
music and are
pearls of
Yiddish
melodies. They
will be sung as
long as Yiddish
is heard
throughout the
world. ...
Rumshinsky
generally had a
light pen, not
only for music,
but also
concerning the
written word.
There are [many
of his] articles
about music and
Yiddish theatre,
which have for
many years been
published in the
'Forward,' which
were read with
great interest,
because he
always has
something to
say. He was
personally
acquainted with
the greatest
Yiddish and
non-Yiddish
musicians of our
generation." |
The historian of Yiddish
theatre, B. Gorin,
writes:
" ... In the
music of the
operetta there
was also a
change.
Usually the
music was taken
and composed in
such a way that
the eyes did not
tear with its
strangeness.
Still with him
came an
aspiration to
create his own
music, and
thanks to this,
we have had more
Yiddish music
and operettas in
recent years. " |
Chaim Ehrenreich
observed:
" ... Until
the very end he
dreamed of
theatre
offerings. He
often spoke to
me about a
Yiddish "revue,"
artistic, fine,
that might be
both Yiddish,
modern. Once,
over a glass of
coffee, he spoke
a lot about such
a
musical-artistic
small arts
theatre, acidly
smiled and
responded: 'I
know that you
think -- that
nothing will
become of this.
I am afraid that
you are also
right' ... and
crying for a
while, he added:
'But there is no
burning, dear
friends, let us
at least speak
of burning' --
He continued to
cry and then
with a type of
sadness said:
'What will be?
It's not good
after all ...
Will it ever
perish like
this? We need to
do something
...'
Ehrenreich
tells that when
they were at the
cemetery plot of
the [Yiddish]
Theatrical
Alliance and
observed that on
the gravestone
of the composer
Alexander
Olshanetsky
there was not
one Yiddish
word, Rumshinsky
murmured: "When
I will be lying
here, my
friends, you
should know that
a piece of
Yiddish theatre
will lie here,
remember,
Yiddish." |
Maurice Schwartz
writes:
" ... His
aphorisms and
equivalence were
clever and
shrewd. In the
greater despair,
he always found
the necessary
equivalent of
what he and the
actors should be
able to laugh
at. He also was,
by nature, a
bohemian and a
sport, he was
not small in his
dealings with
men. When
someone needed
help, he was the
first to put his
hand in his
pocket, and when
it came to
giving free
concerts,
arranging
benefit
productions for
poor actors, or
theatre unions,
he never had any
spare time. He
rewrote,
orchestrated,
conducted and
still raised a
fortune when
needed.
... Rumshinsky
was always a
Hasid of the Art
Theatre. And
when he was
invited to be
the musical
director of the
Art Theatre, he
felt very happy." |
N. Buchwald
characterizes
Rumshinsky:
" ... As a
theatre
composer, Joseph
Rumshinsky
embodied
everything that
was good, and
everything that
was bad in this
commercial
Yiddish theatre.
He had a long
and successful
theatre career,
if one would
measure the
success in his
career from such
operettas as
"The Rabbi's
Melody," "The
Golden Bride,"
"The Broken
Violin," or "Tsipke,"
"Mamele," and
"Molly Dolly."
... His career
must have been a
success, when
one would
measure it with
his theatrical
songs, which
were composed by
the Jewish
masses and
ingrained in the
Jewish way of
life: "I Pray
For Home," "Yosl,
Yosl," "Sheyn vi
di levone (As
Beautiful As the
Moon)," and
others. but ...
as a musician,
he knew ... but
as a musician,
he knew ... that
he was not a
leader and not a
builder of the
Yiddish theatre,
but only a
facilitator and
companion ...
that suited the
needs of the
entrepreneurs.
For a certain
time, in the
late twenties,
Joseph
Rumshinsky found
a certain
measure of
satisfaction in
the fresh talent
of Molly Picon
... He also
revived
musically in the
couple of years
that he was
associated with
the Yiddish Art
Theatre and
created music
for, "Hershele
Ostropoler,"
"Three Gifts,"
and "Roaming
Stars." But in
the years that
the Yiddish
operetta -- like
the Yiddish
theatre in
general --took a
hurried step
downhill, Joseph
Rumshinsky
followed.
Although he was
in love with
Yiddish melodies
and contributed
greatly to the
integration of
Yiddish folk
songs in the
operetta, he
nevertheless
helped to
transfer the
Yiddish operetta
on new rails
from the
Broadway
'musical
comedy.'
... It was with
love and life
that he
dedicated
himself to the
theatre
profession and
wanted to save
the Yiddish
theatre from its
downhill
descent. Much of
Rumshinsky's
work has been
motivated by the
urge to save the
Yiddish stage
and regain the
former Yiddish
audience. ... In
general, it was
good for
Rumshinsky to
enjoy himself
... because as a
'kibitzer,' he
was excellent.
His soapy
theatre
anecdotes --
true and
imagined -- were
irreplaceable.
He alone was the
embodiment of
Yiddish theatre
'business,' and
he never laughed
at himself with
a bitter laugh
at the practices
of Yiddish
theatre." |
M. Yardeni
writes:
" ... Rumshinsky
the innovator
and reformer of
the Yiddish
theatre operetta
in America, who
introduced many
novelties, new
about the
methods,
tendencies,
moods, features
and lines,
effects and
manifestations,
had the Yiddish
operetta of the
Yiddish theatre
in America added
so much grace,
color and paint
, playability
and musical
excellence. ...
Rumshinsky knows
well that the
soul of the
instrument, as
well as the rare
warmth of the
human voice.
From this
synthesis,
sources emerged
in all of
Rumshinsky's
creations --
both his song
numbers, which
number in the
hundreds of
theatre songs,
as well as his
overtures and
orchestrations
for the tens of
operettas that
he has created
in the span of a
half-century." |
The well-known
musicologist Israel
Rabinowitz
writes:
" ... Over a
half-century
Rumshinsky
created pleasure
for millions of
Jewish people
with his music,
which he had
written for
various
operettas for
the Yiddish
theatre. ...
Rumshinsky's
music was of the
popular sort. His
music was not
original all the
time. Given the
task of
providing music
to order, he had
to work fast,
and here there
could rarely be
a word of
genuine
inspiration. But
the positive
thing about him
was his deep
responsibility
to Yiddish folk
music and
especially in
the Jewish
synagogue
singing. A
former chorister
in the synagogue
chorals of his
birth city of
Vilna, he simply
was soaked in
Yiddish
synagogal
singing, and in
all special
wrinkles and
folds of the
Yiddish folk
melodies. From
this source he
composed many of
the melodies in
his innumerable
operettas. This
does not mean
that he wrote
folk melodies,
as is. Usually
he created his
own melodies in
a genuine,
Yiddish folk
style, although
he did not
refrain from
copying foreign
patterns if he
felt that there
was something in
it that would
appeal to the
Jewish people.
He was a great
professional in
his field. A
good harmonizer
with a special
desire for
dramatic elements
and musical
spectacle. He
also knows well
the work of
orchestration
and has always
intended to have
a diverse
orchestral
ensemble in the
offering of his
operettas. He
also was an
outstanding
conductor. ...
He also was the
conductor of the
Cantors
Association in
America. ... The
concerts had
stimulated him
to create a
number of choral
compositions in
a religious
style, which
belong to his
best creations.
Mainly what
excelled were
his [biblical]
cantata and text
for "Az Yashir,"
which is
dramatic in
character. In
addition, he was
attracted to the
theatrical genre
in everything he
did. ... He
could have been
much more
nuanced if he
had not been
wasting his
creative energy
on 'Khai
sheh.' |
And Jacob Mestel
writes:
" ... Rumshinsky
said that he
used to
persevere with
the 'upper
echelons' of his
soloists (so
that they could
be heard at
least a little
over the
'fortissimo' of
his orchestra),
until they
completely lost
their voice. ...
For Rumshinsky,
the orchestra
played the most
important role.
He used to
engage with the
theatre patrons,
more about a
good musician,
rather than
about his own
gaze. Through
effects from his
orchestra, he
was trying to
cast a spell on
the strongest
emotions of the
listener. While
conducting, he
used to look
more at the
audience than at
his singers on
stage. ...
Rumshinsky was
among the number
of theatre
musicians whose
longs used to be
sung by folks,
almost like
Abraham
Goldfaden's. ...
Making a hit
with the
audience was his
best reward. And
he achieved this
only through his
Yiddish folk
music. ... He
took from the
people and
brought it back
to the people.
Therefore, he
may not have
been very
successful in
his attempts to
imitate the
Broadway jazz
style. His
medium was still
Yiddish music.
... In his
accompanying
music to
'literary'
spectacles
(Peretz's 'Three
Gifts,' Sholem
Aleichem's
'Roaming Stars'
and 'Yosele the
Nightingale,' M.
Livshitz-Schwartz's
'Hershele
Ostropoler,' et
al, in the Art
Theatre), he
sought to be
'broadly
worldly' with
his 'forms.' He
never achieved
the pathos of
Joseph Achron.
... But he gave
swing and rhythm
to the
productions. He
succeeded
through the 'singability'
of his melodies,
which he
understood with
his industrious
patience to
branch out on
ensemble.
" ... In Ramach
Avarim a
theatrical man,
he also served
the theatre with
his keen sense
of the stage.
People were
happy to listen
to Rumshinsky's
opinion when
reading a play
and accepting
his advice
during stage
performances. At
the same time,
he himself has
always been
artistically
disciplined and
has demanded it
of others. ...
As an honorary
member of the
Yiddish Actors'
Union, a board
member in the
'Yiddish
Theatrical
Alliance,' and
Vice-President
of the 'Theatre
Lexicon'
Committee,
Rumshinsky is
also societally
active. Tens of
thousands of
charities stood
under his baton,
and thousands of
strikers were
encouraged at
his concerts,
under his
leadership. ...
He spent a lot
of time with
theatre people.
He was always
friendly, but he
could get upset
when someone
dared to push
him to the
limit,
especially when
his artistic
ambition was
touched. ... I
often find him
amazed at
concerts, filled
with admiration
for fine music
and great
artists."
|
Sholem
Perlmutter:
" ... He counts
very much on the
understanding of
the masses. ...
His music is
cheerful, sunny,
joyful. He also
includes in his
compositions the
rich spring of
folk melodies
and has strongly
developed and
extended his
orchestrations
of every folk
melody any
hidden
possibilities,
until the melody
Until the melody
got a rich
expression and
the melody
became a whole,
a perfect one.
His great virtue
also lies in the
fact that he
knows all the
instruments
thoroughly and
knows their
special
qualities and
possibilities.
That's why his
orchestration is
always so
pleasing to the
ear. He also
has, thanks to
his extensive
knowledge of
musical
literature,
freed Yiddish
music from its
outdated rules
and broke all
the traditions
that hindered
its development.
... Leadership
and discipline
is the duty of
every conductor,
but Rumshinsky's
discipline is
incomparable to
this, that he is
the 'dictator,'
not only over
the orchestra,
but over the
entire operetta.
Everything must
stand to his
command,
according to his
request. The
greatest rigor
and discipline
prevail in his
tests, as in his
conception. ...
For a new
offering he
works day and
night. For him
there is no
fatigue, but
reproach -- He
then forgets
himself and goes
off into worlds
of his
imagination." |
And the composer Sholom
Secunda appreciates
Rumshinsky's
significance as a
composer:
" ... Rumshinsky
is not a
composer who
only made for
himself a
well-worn path
-- he created a
way for himself
and created a
path for [other]
composers, who
had followed him
into the
theatre. ...
Rumshinsky
brought into the
operetta a new
spirit, a
worldly spirit.
He introduced a
musical
atmosphere that
exalted the
operetta to a
sphere of
worldly scope.
... With
Rumshinsky's
first, great
operetta, 'The
Broken Violin,'
the composer was
placed on a
pedestal to
which he had
long been
eligible. ...
For the first
time, the
Yiddish theatre
audience became
acquainted with
the concept of
mixing different
colors by
combining the
sounds of
instruments. He
didn't just
create a new
style in music,
but he also
created a demand
for first-class
musicians in an
orchestra, who
over time were
drawn to the
Yiddish theatre.
He created a
demand for
cursed (geshulte)
singers, and our
Yiddish actors
and actresses
had begun to
learn how to
sing, and it
drew musical
people to the
Yiddish stage.
He created a
demand for
genuine dances,
for ballet
dance, and for
professional
choreography to
give content to
the dance. ...
For each
operetta he
created popular
songs that
penetrated deep
into the hearts
of the theatre
audience. In the
span of the
fifty fruitful
and productive
years, his songs
were sung for
the big and
small, young and
old, not only in
America, where
the songs were
born, but in
every corner of
the earth where
Jewish life and
the desire for
Yiddish
breathes. ...
When the future
historians will
note the most
important events
of our Jewish
lives, from our
Yiddish theatre
music, and of
the entire
Yiddish theatre,
he will be
forever marked,
together with
Abraham
Goldfaden, the
father of the
Yiddish theatre,
Jacob Gordin,
the founder of
the Yiddish
drama, also the
name of Joseph
Rumshinsky, as
the builder of
the modern
Yiddish
operetta." |
M.E.
-
B.
Gorin -- "History of
Yiddish Theatre,"
N.Y., 1923, Vol. II,
p. 251.
-
[--] -- Yakres oyf
yoysher in der
idisher teater-velt,
"Di varhayt," N.Y.,
18 August 1909.
-
[--] -- Ershter
leson far teater
yunions, dort, 11
Sept. 1909.
-
Ab.
Cahan -- Di naye
operete in
thomashevski's
teater, "Forward,"
N.Y., 20 Oct. 1916.
-
D.B. (Sh. Yanovski)
-- In teater, "Fraye
arbeter shtime,"
N.Y., 21 Oct. 1916.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Yozef Rumshinsky
entfert ab. kahan'en,
"Forward," N.Y., 29
Nov. 1916.
-
Sonina --
Tomashevski-Rumshinsky's
"mazl tov," "Di
varhayt," N.Y., 1
Oct. 1917.
-
Israel the Yankee --
Di khazante, "Yidishe
tageblat," N.Y., 1
February 1918.
-
Hillel Rogoff --
"Dem rebins nigun"
-- a naye operete in
sekond evenyu teater,
dort, 8 October,
1919.
-
Der kritiker -- In
der teater velt, "Gerchtigkayt,"
N.Y., N'44, 1919.
-
Hillel Rogoff -- Dos
"alte lidele" in
thomashefsky's
neshonal teater,
"Forward," N.Y., 28
February 1919.
-
Hillel Rogoff --
"Dem rebin's nigun"
-- a naye operete in
sekond evenyu
theater, dort, 8
Oct. 1919.
-
Der kritiker -- In
der teater velt, "Gerekhtikayt,"
N.Y., N' 44, 1919.
-
Leon Wiesenfeld --
Dos idishe theater
in eyropa un in
amerike, "Forward,"
N.Y., 26 August
1921.
-
Ab.
Cahan -- "Der rebe
hot geheysen frelikh
zayn, " dort, 11
January 1922.
-
Ab.
Cahan -- "Shulamis
shtet oyf fun keyver,"
"Forward," N.Y., 25
June 1923.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Mayne erfarungen mit
khazanim, "Di
geshikhte fun
khazanus," N.Y.,
1924, pp. 64-68.
-
L.
Kristol -- Der
goldener fodim fun
idishen teater, "Fraye
arbeter shtime,"
N.Y., 21 Nov. 1924.
-
B.Y. Goldstein --
Rumshinsky's opereta
un libin's komedye,
"Tog," N.Y., 27
February 1925.
-
Jacob Kirschenbaum
-- Yozef Rumshinsky,
der idisher frantz
le har, "Di idisher
velt," Cleveland, 13
April 1925.
-
Hillel Rogoff -- "Moli
doli," rumshinsky's
naye operete,
"Forward," N.Y., 6
Nov. 1925.
-
A
theater reporter --
Yozef rumshinsky
dertselt di
geshikhte fun "dem
rebin's nigun,"
"Forward," 9
April 1926.
-
Ch. Ehreinreich --
Yozef rumshinsky git
interesante
erinerungen vegen
idishen teater amol
un itster, dort, 25
June 1926.
-
B.
Botwinick --
Osherowitch's "tsarevitsh
piodor" in
rumshinsky's
muzikalishe hent un
in mali pikon's
opereten shpilerey,
"Der veker," N.Y.,
14 May 1927.
-
A.
Frumkin -- Idish
teater muz zayn up-tu-dayt,
zogt rumshinsky,
"Morning Journal,"
N.Y., 18 Nov. 1927.
-
Ab.
Cahan -- Di naye
operete in dem
sekond evenyu teater,
"Forward," N.Y., 31
January 1928.
-
A.
Frumkin -- Yozef
rumshinsky's shvere
tsaytn baym idishen
teater, "Morning
Journal," N.Y., 4
April 1928.
-
Ch. Ehrenreich -- A
geshprekh mit yozef
rumshinsky gegen dem
kumendigen
teater-sizon,
"Forward," N.Y., 9
August 1928.
-
Ab.
Cahan -- Di naye
operete in sekond
evenyu teater, dort,
4 Oct. 1928.
-
Zalmen Zylbercweig
-- Der kenig fun der
yudisher opeete in
amerike -- a
gevezener dirigent
fun lodzer "hazamir,"
"Lodz Tagenblat,"
Lodz, 28 Dec. 1928,
11, 18, 25 January
1929.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Fun beburt a vilner,
fun hartsen a
dvinsker, "Der
dvinsker," N.Y.,
June 1929, pp.
69-70.
-
[--] -- Rumshinsky
un mali pikon
farlozen dem sekond
evenyu teater,
"Forward," N.Y., 6
June 1930.
-
Hillel Rogoff --
Rumshinsky's naye
operete "dos meydl
fun amol,"
"Forward," N.Y., 3
July 1930.
-
William Edlin --
"Dos meydl fun amol"
-- in mali pikon's
folks teater, "Tog,"
N.Y., 7 October
1930.
-
D.
Kaplan --
Rumshinsky's
gerotene operete
"dos tsigayner meydl"
in newark,
"Forward," N.Y., 17
Oct. 1930.
-
Ts.H. Rubinstein --
Khazanim kontsert a
gryser kinstlerisher
erfolg, "Tog," N.Y.,
2 February 1931.
-
B.
Orshansky -- "Teater-shlakhtn,"
1931, pp. 165-66,
176, 189, 200.
-
Jacob Rapoport --
Khazanim feyern dem
yubl fun zayere a
balibten kompozitor,
"Tog," N.Y., 27
March 1931.
-
Ch. Ehrenreich --
Yozef rumshinsky --
a por charakter
shtrikhen,"
"Forward," N.Y. 3
April 1931.
-
"Rumshinsky-bukh,"
New York, 9 April
1931, published in
honor of his
fiftieth birthday,
edited by M.
Osherowitch, Ts.H.
Rubisntein, Z.
Zylbercweig, William
Edlin, Ch.
Ehrenreich, J.
Kirschenbaum,
secretary of the
Editorial Collegium:
Sh. Perlmutter, 128
pp.
-
Anshel Schorr -- Dr
fuftsig yeriger
yubileum fun yozef
rumshinsky, "Di
idishe velt,"
Philadelphia, 17
April 1931.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
A vort fun yozef
rumshinsky fegen
zayn yom tov, "Der
tog," N.Y., 21 April
1931.
-
Israeli -- "Ganev'she
libe," "Keneder
adler," Montreal, 1
May 1931.
-
Ch. Ehrenreich --
Farvos Rumshinsky
hot zikh opgeteylt
fun mali pikon un
jacob kalich,
"Forward," N.Y., 12
May 1931.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Mayne akht yohr mit
mali pikon un jacob
kalich, dort, 12 May
1931.
-
B.Y. Goldstein --
Yosef rumshinsky iz
shoyn a fuftsik
yoriker, "Fraye
arbeter shtime,"
N.Y., 26 June 1931.
-
N.B. Linder --
Rumshinsky zogt tsu
oyf dem kumendigen
idishen teater sezon
gants naye zaKhen,
"Tog," N.Y., 26 July
1931.
-
Hillel Rogoff -- Ola
lilit -- di naye
operetn star oyf
sekond evenyu,
"Forward," N.Y., 18
Sept. 1931.
-
Ray Raskin -- Dos
meydl fun varshe, "Unzer
folk," N.Y., 23
Sept. 1931.
-
William Edlin --
Idish teater -- un
idish oyf der evenyu,
"Tog," 25 Sept.
1931.
-
Alef-Alef (Efrim
Auerbach) -- Ola
lilit in an operete,
"Morning Journal,"
N.Y., 25 Sept. 1931.
-
Dr. Alexander
Mukdoni -- Berishe
tubut, "Fraye
arbeter shtime,"
N.Y., 23 Oct.
1931.
-
B.Y. Goldstein --
Trakht zikh areyn in
dem, "Fraye arbeter
shtime," N.Y., 30
Oct. 1931.
-
M.
Osherowitch -- Ola
lilit -- "dos meydl
fun varshe," "Der
veker," N.Y., 31
Oct. 1931.
-
William Edlin -- Di
2 naye opereten oyf
der idisher bine,
"Der tog," N.Y., 1
January 1932.
-
Chaim Ehrenreich --
Riziger eulm pakt on
sekond evenyu teater,
"Forward," N.Y., 31
August 1932.
-
L.
Fogelman -- Naye
piese in roland
teater, "Forward,"
N.Y., 14 October
1932.
-
N.B. Linder -- Dos
lid fun yisroel,
"Tog," N.Y., 14
October 1932.
-
L.
Fogelman -- "A
rusishe khasene" in
roland teater,
"Forward," N.Y., 24
March 1933.
-
Zalmen Zylbercweig
-- "Teater-figurn,"
Buenos Aires, 1936,
pp. 64-72.
-
S.
Regensberg --
Menasha skulnik un
ola lilit in
rumshinsky's "fishel
der gerotener," "Di
idishe velt,"
Philadelphia, 6 May
1936.
-
Hillel Rogoff --
Rumshinsky's naye
operete in folks
teater, "Forward,"
N.Y., 1 January
1937.
-
N.
Buchwald -- An
operete un a
"revue," "Morgn
frayhayt," N.Y., 8
January 1937.
-
William Edlin -- "Ikh
benk aheym" -- di
naye operete in
zats's folks teater,
"Tog," N.Y., 13 Oct.
1937.
-
Moshe Shemash -- In
di idishe teaters, "Di
idishe beker shtime,"
N.Y., N' 4, 1937.
-
L.
Fogelman -- "Dos
galitsianer rebe'le"
-- a ekht-idishe
operete in folks
teater, "Forward,"
N.Y., 26 February
1937.
-
Gershom Bader -- Di
kariere fun "dem
begin's nigun," "Di
idishe velt,"
Philadelphia, 28
July 1939.
-
Sh. Zamd -- Ludwig
zats un tsili adler
in a nayer operete,
"Forward," Chicago,
2 May 1941.
-
J.
Kirschenbaum -- Di
kompozitors fun
unzere idishe
teaters in nyu york,
"Moz"sh," N.Y., 17
August 1942.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
"Klangen fun mayn
lebn," New York,
1944, 832 pp.
-
Hillel Rogoff --
Yosef rumshinsky un
zayn bukh "klangen
fun mayn lebn," "Idishe
kultur," N.Y., N' 1,
1945.
-
I.L. Wohlman --
Yosef rumshinsky un
zayn bukh "klangen
fun mayn lebn," "Keneder
odler," Montreal, 15
November 1944.
-
Jacob Mestel --
Yosef rumshinsky's "klangen
fun mayn lebn," "Yidishe
kultur," N.Y., N' 1,
1945.
-
M.
Yardeni --
Rumshinsky's
idish-nuskhdige
muzik tsu peretz's
"dray matones" in
idishn kunst teater,
"Keneder odler,"
Montreal, 28
December 1945.
-
N.
Buchwald -- Dos
gezang fun dnieper
in "Idishn kunst
teater," "YIdishe
kultur," N.Y.,
December 1946.
-
Wolf Mercur -- "Merkuryozn,"
Philadelphia, 1948,
pp. 144-48.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Dos folk vet zingen
-- es felt bloyz oys
der der nigun,
"Forward," N.Y., 7
January 1949.
-
Moshe Schorr -- Dray
muziker baym idishn
teater, "Der tog,"
N.Y., 18 February
1949.
-
Boaz Young -- "Mayn
lebn in teater,"
N.Y., 1950, pp. 214,
344.
-
M.
Yardeni -- In der
velt fun khazanus,
shul un templen,
"Forward," N.Y., 8
June 1951.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
A brif mit
hartsveytog fun
yosef rumshinsky,
"Forward," N.Y., 28
Nov. 1952.
-
Joseph Rumshinsky --
Yosef rumshinsky
dertselt vegn 50 yor
idishe teater
(series, published
mondays and
thursdays),
"Forward," N.Y., 1
Dec. 1952.
-
Sholem Perlmutter --
"Idishe dramaturgn
un
teater-kompozitorn,"
New York, 1952, pp.
315-16, 350-51,
353-59.
-
Meyer Sigalovski --
A briv in redaktsye,
"Yidishe kultur,"
N.Y., N' 2, 1953.
-
M.
Yardeni --
Interviews mit
idishe teatraln,
"New York Weekly,"
N.Y., 31 August
1955.
-
Jacob Mestel --
Yosef rumshinsky, "Idishe
kultur," N. Y., N'
3, 1956.
-
[--] -- Yosef
rumshinsky,
"Forward," N.Y., 7
February 1956.
-
Dr. N. Swerdlin --
Yosef rumshinsky,
geshtorben, di
levaye donerstag,
baytog, "Daily
Morning Journal," N.
Y., 7 February 1956.
-
I.R. (Rabinowitz) --
Gut morgen, "Keneder
odler," Montreal, 9
February 1956.
-
Maurice Schwartz --
Yosef rumshinsky,
"Forward," 9
February 1956.
-
[--] -- Groyser eulm
kumt opgegebn
letster kavod yosef
rumshinsky,
"Forward," 10
February 1956.
-
Sholom Secunda --
Yosef rumshinsky iz
geven der shafer fun
idisher moderner
operete, "Forward,"
N.Y., 11 February
1956.
-
N.
Buchwald -- Yosef
rumshinsky --
muziker un
teater-mentsh, "Morgn
frayhayt," N.Y., 14
February 1956.
-
Ab.
Hershkowitz -- Vos
yosef rumshinsky hot
mire amol dertselt,
"Forward," N.Y., 17
February 1956.
-
A
varshever -- Yosef
rumshinsky, "Daily
Morning Journal,"
N.Y., 26 Dec. 1957.
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