Strikers or their sympathizers wrecked the bakeshop of Philip
Federman at No. 183 Orchard Street early last night amid scenes of
the most tumultuous excitement. Policemen smashed heads right and
left with their nightsticks after two of their number had been
roughly dealt with by the mob. Two men were arrested and charged
with inciting to riot, assault, and disorderly conduct. Bricks and
bottles were thrown down on the heads of the policemen from houses
in the neighborhood. The reserves of the Eldridge Street station had
their hands more than full coping with the maddened crowd.
Word was passed to the headquarters of the strikers in Great Central
Palace at No. 90 Clinton Street shortly after seven o'clock that
there was a "roughhouse" in Federman's bakery in Orchard Street
between Rivington and Stanton Streets, one of the most densely
populated sections of the East Side. It had been rumored that
Federman, who usually had eight bakers in his employ, had set three
men to work in the places of the strikers. Shouting "scabs,"
accompanied with unintelligible maledictions on them, the crowd in
the Central Palace rushed pell-mell to Federman's. There they found
the street filled with a howling mob which swayed back and forth
from sidewalk to sidewalk shouting and beating each other. Half a
hundred of the first of the new arrivals piled on top of Isidor
Bernstein of No. 11 King Street, a watchman for Federman, and bore
down his burly form in spite of the vigorous way he played on their
heads and shoulders with his club. Four of the crowd forced their
way to the basement bakery where Federman and his three assistants
cowered in one corner. Dough filled the great mixing troughs and
furnished fine ammunition for the insurgent quartet. They threw it
at the boss and his three men and, when tired of that, slashed it
about the floor and walls of the rooms. They tried to destroy every
implement they could lay hands on, and by the time their energy was
somewhat exhausted there was not a pane of glass in the windows or
any value left in the material in the place.
POLICEMEN ATTACKED.
Attempting vainly to follow the crowd that streamed from the Palace
at the word of the doings at Federman's, Patrolman Finley of the
Eldridge Street station fought his way through the mob to the head
of the steps leading to the basement where he found Bernstein, the
watchman, almost done for. Finley had sent in a call for the
reserves when he saw the threatening nature of the crowd. When he
got to Bernstein's side, the crowd immediately attacked him. He is a
giant. All of his efforts to ward off the crowd without recourse to
violence were of no avail. A well-directed brick sent him to the
street. Then when he got to his feet he used his nightstick with
telling effect. Many of the people must have suffered severely from
the blows of the policemen's clubs; yet they fought like tigers. So
great was the press of the crowd that the patrol wagon bearing the
reserves could not force a way through the densely packed bodies.
The horses' bridles were grabbed in spite of their rearing and
plunging, and forward progress was stopped. Detectives Landers and
Galligan, sitting with their feet hanging out of the tail of the
wagon were pulled out into the street by their heels. Then the other
policemen in the wagon leaped out and charged the crowd, striking
right and left, forward and back with their nightsticks.
Howls of pain rose higher than the shouts against the police. The
police tore the crowd apart and plunged into the basement of the
bakery where the trouble originated. They pulled out two men, Louis
Mandesiever of No. 249 Broome Street and Max Siegel of No. SS
Norfolk Street, both almost unrecognizable from the dough that
smeared their clothes and faces and both bleeding from gashes in
their heads.
BRICKS AND BOTTLES FROM WINDOWS.
It was impossible to get the patrol wagon started when the two
prisoners had been bundled into it. Then the bricks and bottles
began to descend from the windows. Patrolmen Hart and Sweeney forced
their way into the houses and searched for the throwers high and
low, but in vain. The mob finally gave way under repeated charges by
the police and permitted the patrol wagon to pass. Patrolman Finley
was bruised and cut and his uniform ruined from his being rolled in
the mud. Bernstein was so badly beaten that he was sent home in care
of a physician. The mob gave way only bit by bit under the repeated
charges of the police to clear the street; it then retreated into
the nearest doorways from which it hooted and jeered police and
bosses alike.
Previous to the outbreak of the trouble and the deserting of
headquarters, it had been announced that a request had been sent to
the International Union in Chicago to call out the journeymen and
the English-speaking bakers. It was not expected that there would be
any word received from Chicago until today.
Reports that the bosses were attempting to man their shops with
nonunion labor led to the sending out of pickets from strike
headquarters in bunches of ten and twelve. They not only permeated
the East Side but also penetrated to Harlem and the Bronx, with
orders to stop all work. Riots all over the East Side were the chief
characteristic of the strike yesterday. "Strong-arm men," the
employers say, have been brought here from outside by the strikers
to start the riots. The strikers assert that thugs have been engaged
by the employers.
THE BREAD FAMINE ACUTE.
Meantime, the kosher bread famine had become acute. Lunchrooms lay
idle, and the Hebrew grocers could not get any bread to sell, as it
was unsafe to receive any. The strike leaders' evident intention was
to starve out the people in the hope of bringing matters to a
climax. The bread famine was principally confined to the district
between Hester and Houston Streets as far as Avenue C. Rye bread,
which was selling before the strike at two and one-half cents a
pound, was eight cents a pound and hard to get at the money. At
Pyocken Polski's union restaurant at No. 87 Attorney Street, there
was no bread, and there was no business done all day. Groceries were
in the same plight, and biscuits which were on the shelves for
months went off like hot cakes. The most serious riot of the
afternoon took place at the bakery of Joseph Bock, No. 138 Orchard
Street. Bock, who is treasurer of the boss bakers' association, was
away at the time, and his assistants barricaded the place. Forty
strikers tried to storm the cellars in order to get the employees on
strike, but Patrolman Sofsky of the Eldridge Street station came
along on a run and captured a ringleader, using his club freely.
By this time the street was blocked with people, among whom were a
number of women. Sofsky had to fight his way to the station, and
once was borne down by the crowd. A number of reserves then arrived
under Captain Murtha, wielding their clubs, and a furious fight took
place before the crowd was dispersed. Patrolman Benjamin Stern
received an ugly cut on the head from a flying piece of rock. Three
men in all were arrested and discharged with a reprimand in Essex
Market Court later, Magistrate Moss considering the evidence not
sufficient to justify a fine.
Another fight took place at Abraham Waidstricken's bakery, No. 150
Allen Street, where a number of strikers dragged out barrels of
flour and scattered their contents in the street. An attempt was
made by the Jersey Model Bakery of Hoboken to deliver bread at a
shop in Clinton Street. When two wagons filled with the bread
appeared, a crowd seemed to rise out of the ground, assailing the
wagons with bricks and other missiles. A number of police charged
the crowd and took the wagons to the police station. Israel Reisler,
a grocer, of No. 103 Clinton Street, had his place besieged with an
angry throng of strikers when an attempt was made to deliver kosher
bread to him. The place is nearly opposite Great Central Palace, the
headquarters of the strikers, out of which the strikers poured in
hundreds. They cut the harness of the horses, but reserves from the
Union Market and Delancey Street stations appeared and scattered the
rioters.
WOMEN IN THE MOBS.
There was a disposition on the part of the strikers to get women
into the mobs, with the object of working public sentiment if women
were clubbed. The police, seeing this, were careful not to make too
indiscriminate a use of their sticks. Five women upset a pushcart
loaded with bread at Orchard and Stanton Streets, trampling the
loaves into the mud. A number of women also snatched a basket from a
man who was delivering bread at Stanton and Ridge Streets.
The strikers sent committees around on every pretext. One committee
was sent to Philadelphia to prevent kosher bread from being sent
from that city to New York. Another committee was sent to Jersey
City and Hoboken with the same object. A meeting of the Hebrew boss
bakers' association, which has been formed since the strike began,
was held yesterday afternoon at No. 252 Broome Street, and the boss
bakers had a noisy time. The meeting was behind closed doors, but
the wrangling could be heard outside. A schedule of demands from the
strikers had been submitted, based on recognition of the union.
After the meeting the following statement was made:
"We are ready to pay the wages demanded, but will on no account
recognize the union or sign any agreement. Further, we can consider
no negotiations with walking delegates or the strike leader, Samuel
Kurtz. Our bakeries are closed. We can get men, but they are afraid
to go to work, and we are not asking our men who did not strike to
work for fear of provoking riots."
The employers also said that Kurtz came from Providence and never
appeared except when there was a strike. They made a number of vague
charges against strike leaders but were not willing to give their
names as making the charges. On the invitation of Secretary Emery of
the Citizen's Industrial Association, Kurtz, the strike leader,
called at its headquarters in the St. James Building, 26th Street
and Broadway, and presented a list of their demands and complaints.
The employers will give their side to the association today. A
committee of three headed by Kurtz called on Acting Mayor Fornes and
said that the strikers, now 2,500 strong, wanted to go to the
mayor's office to ask for protection from the police. Mr. Fornes
said that it would be better for a committee of twenty-five or
thirty to go intead, but he said that he did not see what good it
could do as the trouble was between the strikers and their
employers. The strikers later decided to abandon the parade, and
will send a committee of thirty to the mayor at one o'clock
tomorrow.
STRIKERS TO HOLD MASS MEETING.
The strikers decided last night to hold a mass meeting tomorrow
night either at Hamilton Fish Park or Rutgers Square. They reported
that John Heintz, international secretary of the bakers, would be
here today to take charge of the strike. At a secret meeting of
delegates from Locals No. 23, 40, 305, 163, and 4 in Great Central
Hall yesterday, a formal agreement which the bosses will be required
to sign was drawn up. Its fourteen sections include agreement for a
ten-hour day and the wages which the bosses said on Tuesday that
they would grant, as well as many minor details as to the relations
between employers and employees. Section 1 of this agreement
requires the bosses to employ only union men in good standing.
Section 2, about the only one in which the unions agree to do
anything on their part, provides that the unions will provide
sufficient journeymen bakers for the employers. Section 3 requires a
ten-hour day, including thirty minutes for luncheon. It also
requires that no work shall be done on Friday, not even sponging or
arranging and delivering flour.
Representatives of the union, Section 7 requires, must be permitted
access to all bakeries under the agreement at any time in or after
working hours. Section 10 defines the wages to be insisted upon by
the strikers. These are oven hands $20 and up a week; bench hands
$16 and up a week; jobbers on oven work, $4 a day and up; jobbers on
bench work, $3.50 a day and up. In this section it is further agreed
that wages shall be paid in full on the Jewish holiday weeks.
Section 13 requires the employers to deposit $25 each as security
for strictly complying with the provisions of the agreement. Upon
the first violation of the agreement this $25 is to be forfeited to
the union. Section 13 also requires the bakers to buy union labels
at $3 a 1,000. Section 14 makes the life of the agreement one year,
beginning on October 1 or whenever may be agreed upon by the
different unions.