Where and when Friedman was born, there is not any
confirmed information. So it is also not known the
conditions through which she came to the Yiddish
theatre, soon in the first beginnings of the Goldfaden
theatre.
Goldfaden's troupe was made up of only
men. The first woman who managed to persuade her to
become a Yiddish actress must have been Sophie
Goldstein, the wife of the actor Shachar Goldstein
(later the wife of Karp), who had with marriage had it
so that her family permitted her to play Yiddish
theatre, but when Goldfaden's troupe came back to Iasi
and performed his play there, "Di shtume kale," a
certain Rose was drawn in to play the role of the
"bride" (without words).
Zalmen Zylbercweig
writes:
"One cannot know for sure, but it is not
excluded that this was indeed Rose Friedman. Soon,
however, you don't hear from her again, and
Goldfaden was successful in recruiting a certain
Golditse into the troupe. ... the first news about
Rose Friedman as an actress is not from Goldfaden's
troupe, but from the newly formed split troupe under
the leadership of the first Yiddish actor, Israel
Gradner. Initially when the troupe exploded and was
reunited with Goldfaden's troupe, the glorious
period began in Rose Friedman's stage career.
Goldfaden wrote for her in the comedy,
"Brayndele Kozak," a name that is like Shmendrik or
Kuni Lemel, which became a synonym of Jewish life.
Goldfaden tells that he was inspired to write the
play for her after a conversation with her about her
private life. He then took the known Offenbach
operetta, "Bluebeard," and turned it into "Brayndele
Kozak," and it was staged with Rose Friedman in the
title role in Bucharest."
About this,
Goldfaden's first manager, Yitzkhok Liberesko tells:
"Goldfaden used to have the habit of writing the
main roles of his plays, adapting them for his
actors. He excelled in studying the character of his
main actors and afterwards wrote a great role, which
had the same qualities as the actor who had to play
it. And anyway, the actor was excellent in the role.
... Thus he created "Brayndele Kozak" for Rose
Friedman. She was so glorious in the role that
people completely forgot what she was called, and
everywhere they called her, "Brayndele Kozak," When
she used to go in the street, they pointed at her
with their fingers, that there goes Brayndele
Kozak."
A second eyewitness from that era,
the playwright Yosef Latayner, tells that when
Friedman, for the first time performed in the role
of this "young girl" in Goldfaden's "Bobe mitn
eynikl," she already was not young, and also not
beautiful, and additionally she had a hoarse voice.
According to an eyewitness, the actor Cesar
Greenberg he had met her in the streets of Galatz,
Romania, standing with the singer Boyke, with a
saucer by a barrel organ. She used to sing and
collect the "honorarium."
According to the
actor Sigmund Mogulesko, who played with her for the
first time at the beginning of Yiddish theatre, she
was s songstress and a dancer in the coffee-houses
of Constantinople, turkey. He remarked
sarcastically, by the way, that: "She had nothing to
be ashamed of and became a Yiddish actress."
According to the actor Meir-Wolf Schwartz, in the
first days of Yiddish theatre in Romania, he,
together with her, founded a dramatic club that used
to perform vaudeville in Yiddish.
Zalmen
Zylbercweig writes:
"It is evident, however,
that she got her big stage break in the title role
of "Brayndele Kozak." One can easily see that
her absence in Odessa caused a scandal in the
Yiddish theatre there. This was in May 1879, when
due to the Russia-Turkey War the Yiddish theatre had
to move over from Romania to Russia. Goldfaden
arrived with his troupe in Odessa and started
playing in the club of the Mariinsky Theatre. Here
he had staged the comedy, "Brayndele Kozak," but in
the meantime, he had already appeared to attract
into his troupe a new actress, Margareta Schwartz,
to whom he had given the title role in "Brayndele
Kozak," but when she appeared on the stage, a
scandal broke out in the theatre, and the audience,
who saw Rose Friedman in the title role in Romania,
began to demand her. The result was that
Goldfaden had to send for her in Iasi, where
meanwhile she had already was heading a troupe, and
on 12 May 1879 she performed in Odessa in the role,
and this theatre began to become so overfilled, that
the dissolved into a rosy life. Here again I lose
track of her activity for a few years."
B.
Weinstein -- a witness of the Goldfaden
productions in Odessa, writes:
"Goldfaden, in
that time, excited the Odessa public with a new
actress, a certain Madame Friedman, who he had
brought from Romania, and she performed for the
first time as "Brayndele Kozak." The crowd liked her
very much. Mrs. Friedman played the role of the
stepmother in the "Kishuf-makherin (The
Sorceress/Witch)," and the role of the mother in all
the other plays. She also used to sing couplets."
According to the information from Leon Kornfeld,
who yearlong had performed with Yiddish theatre in
Constantinople, she played there with Kalmen
Juvelier's troupe. Here she married a singer, a
certain Yehoshue, and when the troupe left
Constantinople, she remained there and founded a
quartet (she, her husband, a singer Chaim-Yankl, and
a certain Radesko). then she went to Greece, where
she went with her husband, then returned back to
Constantinople, and for eight months played Yiddish
theatre with amateurs under the direction of Leon
Kornfeld.
She again for a certain time
disappeared from the Yiddish theatre. In 1915 she
guest-starred in Bucharest with Itsikl Goldenburg as
"Brayndele Kozak" and continued her success.
However, she didn't play for long and became the
same director in Iasi, a comptroller (ticket-taker)
in a theatre.
At the end of 1917 she met the
actor Moshe Loznik in Belz, Bessarabia, played with
the actor Masoff and several local amateurs. she
performed as "Basye" in Goldfaden's
"Kishuf-makherin," then in her crown role, as
"Brayndele Kozak." According to Loznik, she looked
cheerful, in good spirits, and she used to tell a
lot about her experiences. Then she played with
Loznik in Britsheve, again as "Brayndele Kozak," as
well as "Shifra," in Gordin's "Der vilder mentsh."
Later they traveled to Ritshkan where she became ill
and wasn't able to perform, and she was transferred
to Belz, where she lay for several weeks in a
hospital, and she passed away on 9 March 1918.
Zalmen Zylbercweig writes:
"About her
death and the data about her death were given in
various versions. So we have the theatre director
and actor Itsikl Goldenburg who said that still in
1920 she was the comptroller for him in a theatre in
Iasi, and that she later passed away in Kishinev.
But being alone in Belz (in 1934), during my trips
across Romania and Bessarabia, I heard that there
she passed away. An entire group of theatre lovers
and friends talked to me constantly about her and
incidentally pointed out this remarkable fact that
Belz, where she found her eternal rest, who in any
case was the first Yiddish soubrette, indeed Rose
Friedman, later brought us one of the most prominent
and most important modern Yiddish soubrettes, Iza
Kremer. In the women's section of Beit Olam, we came
to a place where there was a grave, in the form of a
monument, a tombstone, on which there was inscribed,
only in Hebrew: "Honorable wife Raizl, daughter of
Rabbi Avraham Friedman of Maraminia, born in ...
Adar 1855." ... But two things on the tombstone are
worth mentioning. First, the fact that her father's
name is given as Abraham. This doesn't mean to say
for sure that he indeed was called Abraham. We know
for a fact that when the Jews do not know the name
of the father, by religious ceremony, they use the
name Abraham. Secondly, that what it says, that she
comes from Romania, does not prove whether she was
not born in Belz or in another city in Bessarabia,
because then when she passed away, in any case when
they erected the tombstone, Belz and Bessarabia were
thought of as being a part of the kingdom of
Romania, and under the harsh political conditions
that ruled there at that time, no Jew would have
been used to writing Belz or another Bessarabian
city: Bessarabia or Russia as a whole, local
amateurs added that being in Belz, she used to study
with choirs and direct with them. At the same time
it is interesting that in private life she was very
old, but as soon as she got on the stage, she was
literally unrecognizable, and you couldn't see her
age in any way. The political conditions at that
time in Bessarabia was such, that the greater part
of Yiddish actors had left Belz, and at the funeral
procession of Rose Friedman's funeral, there only
remained a number of actors. Miriam-Leah, the
butcher, sold the items that the deceased had left
over, and that's why she bought shrouds, a grave,
and with the remaining money let the tombstone be
erected."
Sh.E. from Leon Kornfeld M.E. from Moshe Loznik
and Itsikl Goldenburg, Yosef Latayner, Meir-Wolf
Schwartz and Cesar Greenberg.
-- B. Gorin -- "History of Yiddish
Theatre," Volume I, pages 193, 197. -- Zalmen
Zylbercweig -- "Behind the Curtains," Vilna, pages
71-76. -- B. Weinstein -- The First Years of
Yiddish Theatre in Odessa and in New York,
Vilna-Warsaw Archive, 1930, page 246.
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